Nkwukọrịta mkpokọta na NCCL
Nkwukọrịta mkpokọta bụ ka otu GPU si agbanwe ma jikọta data, yana NCCL bụ ọba akwụkwọ NVIDIA na-eme mgbanwe ndị ahụ ngwa ngwa.
Nchịkọta
Ọrụ dị ka mbelata niile bụ nkụda mmụọ nke ọzụzụ ekesa, na-emekọrịta gradients n'ofe GPU ọ bụla nzọụkwụ ọ bụla.
Ime miri emi
Ọzụzụ nnukwu ụdị pụtara GPU ọ bụla na-agbakọ gradients na ibe data nke ya, yabụ GPU niile ga-ekwenyerịrị na nsonaazụ jikọtara ọnụ tupu usoro ọzọ. A na-eme nhazi ahụ site n'ịrụ ọrụ mkpokọta: na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa nchikota n'ofe GPU ma nye onye ọ bụla nsonaazụ; ndị niile na-achịkọta na-anakọta ibe GPU ọ bụla n'ime otu zuru oke na ha niile; mgbasa ozi na-ezigara otu data GPU na ndị ọzọ; mbelata-ekposa ngwakọta wee kewaa. NCCL (NVIDIA Collective Communications Library) na-arụ ọrụ ndị a nke ọma n'ofe GPUs na sava na n'ofe sava, na-eji topology-maara algọridim dị ka mgbanaka na osisi na-ebelata. Ọ na-erigbu NVLink n'ime ọnụ yana InfiniBand ma ọ bụ RoCE n'etiti ọnụ ọnụ, yana ọ bụ ọkpụkpụ nzikọrịta ozi n'okpuru PyTorch DDP, FSDP, DeepSpeed na Megatron.
Nghọta nka nka
Mgbanaka mbelata niile bụ algọridim kpochapụwo: GPU na-etolite mgbanaka ezi uche dị na ya, yana data kewaa n'ime iberibe nke na-ekesa ka nzọụkwụ ọ bụla kpuchie nkwurịta okwu, na-eme ka mkpokọta mbufe bandwidth-kachasị mma na enweghị onwe ya na ọnụ ọgụgụ GPU. Maka ọtụtụ ọnụ ụzọ, algọridim sitere na osisi na-ebelata nkwụsị site na ijikọta nsonaazụ n'usoro. NCCL na-achọpụta topology, họrọ algọridim kacha mma, ma nwee ike budata mgbakọ na mwepụ n'ime netwọkụ na NVIDIA SHARP, na-ebelata data nke ga-agafe njikọ.
Mmetụta atụmatụ
Ọnụ ego na mmefu ego
Mkpebi ihe owuwu ụlọ na-akwalite arụmọrụ yana ọnụ ahịa ọrụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ.
Mkpebi doro anya
Nkà mmụta nka na-enyere ndị otu egwuregwu aka ịhọrọ nchịkọta ziri ezi, ọ bụghị naanị nke kachasị ọhụrụ.
Quality akara
Nhọrọ injinia ka mma na-ebelata ihe omume ntụkwasị obi na mmepụta.
Ọdịnihu nke Nkwukọrịta mkpokọta na NCCL
Dị ka ụyọkọ na-eru ọtụtụ narị puku GPU, nkwurịta okwu na-achịkwa oge ọzụzụ, ya mere ụlọ akwụkwọ ọbá akwụkwọ na-ekpo ọkụ bụ oke ọkụ. Na-atụ anya ịgbakọ n'ime netwọkụ miri emi (mgbanwe na-eme mbelata), mgbako kọmpụta na nzikọrịta ozi ka mma iji zoo latency, yana mkpokọta dị obere nkenke nke na-ebelata bytes kwagara. Asọmpi na-arị elu, yana mbọ ndị na-ere ahịa na RDMA dabere na Ethernet na-akwado ụzọ ọzọ, ebe NCCL na-ejigide njikọta na NVLink, NVSwitch, na akwa ngwa anya na-apụta.
Mmejuputa n'ezie n'ụwa
Na-emekọrịta gradients usoro ọzụzụ ọ bụla gafere GPU niile site na iji mbelata niile na PyTorch DistributedDataParallel.
Ịkekọrịta steeti njikarịcha yana na-achịkọta paramita dị ka achọrọ site na iji mkpokọta niile wee belata-achụsasị na FSDP ma ọ bụ DeepSpeed ZeRO
Na-agbasa nha ụdịrị mbụ site na otu GPU gaa na ndị ọzọ niile na mmalite nke ọzụzụ ọzụzụ
Iji mgbanaka na-ebelata n'elu NVLink na InfiniBand iji mee ka bandwidth dị elu gafee ụyọkọ GPU ọtụtụ ọnụ.
Ihe ize ndụ & okporo ụzọ nche
Ịkwalite otu akara ngosi nwere ike zoo adịghị ike sistemụ sara mbara.
A na-eledakarị ihe akụrụngwa na ụgwọ ọrụ anya.
Ọdịiche nchekwa na nleba anya nwere ike itolite ka sistemu na-adịwanye mgbagwoju anya.
Map mmejuputa
Kọwaa latency, ịdịmma na ebumnuche ọnụ ahịa tupu mmejuputa ya.
Benchmark n'okpuru ibu dị adị na ọnọdụ data.
Nleba anya akụrụngwa maka mperi, ịkpafu na mmetụta onye ọrụ.
Kwadebe ụzọ nzaghachi azụghachi azụ na ihe omume tupu ịchachaa.
Nọgide na-eme nchọpụta
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Ntuziaka na-esote
Ihe dị n'ịntanetị na anọghị n'ịntanetị na-eje ozi Skew
Ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị
Kedu ihe bụ Nkwukọrịta mkpokọta na NCCL?
Nkwukọrịta mkpokọta bụ ka otu GPU si agbanwe ma jikọta data, yana NCCL bụ ọba akwụkwọ NVIDIA na-eme mgbanwe ndị ahụ ngwa ngwa. Ọrụ dị ka mbelata niile bụ nkụda mmụọ nke ọzụzụ ekesa, na-emekọrịta gradients n'ofe GPU ọ bụla nzọụkwụ ọ bụla.
Kedu ihe ọrụ mbelata niile na-arụ na ọzụzụ ekesa?
Nchikota mbelata (ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ ọzọ na-ejikọta) uru n'ofe GPU ọ bụla wee kesaa otu nsonaazụ ahụ azụ na ha niile, nke bụ ka esi emekọrịta gradients.
Kedu ihe acronym NCCL pụtara?
NCCL bụ NVIDIA Collective Communications Library, nke na-arụ ọrụ mkpokọta multi-GPU ngwa ngwa na ọtụtụ ọnụ ọnụ.
Kedu ihe kpatara eji ewere mgbanaka mbelata niile ka bandwidth kacha mma?
Site n'ịchịkọta data na ịfefe iberibe mgbanaka ezi uche dị na ya, a na-eji njikọ ọ bụla n'otu oge ma nfefe zuru oke na-adabere na ọnụọgụ GPU.
Kedu ọrụ mkpokọta na-achịkọta ibe data GPU ọ bụla n'ime otu GPU niile nwere?
Ndị na-ezukọ niile na-anakọta iberibe dị iche iche na GPU ọ bụla wee chịkọta ihe zuru oke na ha niile, ejiri ya mee ihe n'ọzụzụ ndị siri ike dị ka FSDP.
Kedu ihe NVIDIA SHARP na-eme maka ọrụ mkpokọta?
SHARP na-arụ ọrụ netwọk netwọk, na-eme akụkụ nke mbelata n'ime mgba ọkụ ka obere data ga-agafe njikọ, na-eme ka mkpokọta na-agba ọsọ.