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The NAIC Model Bulletin on AI in Insurance
The NAIC Model Bulletin on the Use of Artificial Intelligence Systems by Insurers is guidance, adopted by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners in December 2023, that tells insurers to maintain a written, risk-based program governing how they build, buy and use AI.
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It does not create a new law; it explains how existing insurance laws against unfair discrimination and unfair practices apply when decisions are made or supported by AI. It matters because state regulators can ask for that program during examinations, so it shapes how carriers, vendors and the agents who use carrier tools handle AI.
Kwibira cyane
The bulletin, formally titled the Model Bulletin on the Use of Artificial Intelligence Systems by Insurers, was adopted by the NAIC in December 2023. The NAIC is an association of state regulators, so its model bulletin has no force until an individual state insurance department issues it, often with light edits. Within about two years, roughly half of US jurisdictions had adopted it or a close version, including Alaska, Connecticut, Illinois, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania and Vermont. Some states took different routes: Colorado has its own statute and regulations on external consumer data and algorithms, and New York's Department of Financial Services issued a separate circular letter in 2024 on AI and external data in underwriting and pricing. The core expectation is an AIS Program: a written program for the responsible use of AI systems, designed to reduce the risk of Adverse Consumer Outcomes, meaning decisions that adversely affect consumers in ways that violate insurance law. The program should cover governance (clear accountability, often up to senior management or the board), risk management and internal controls across the AI lifecycle, data practices, validation and testing, and oversight of third-party models and data. It applies to generative AI as well as predictive models, and it is meant to be proportionate: controls should scale with how much a system affects consumers. A common misconception is that the bulletin bans particular AI uses or sets numerical fairness thresholds. It does neither. It relies on existing statutes such as the Unfair Trade Practices Act and the Unfair Claims Settlement Practices Act, and it describes what documentation regulators may request. Another misconception is that buying a vendor tool shifts responsibility to the vendor. The bulletin is explicit that insurers remain responsible for outcomes from third-party systems they use. For agents, the bulletin is addressed to insurers, but it affects the tools carriers provide to producers and the questions agents should expect about how those tools are used.
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The Future of The NAIC Model Bulletin on AI in Insurance
More states are likely to consider adopting the bulletin, and regulators have discussed whether some expectations should eventually move into a model law or regulation with firmer requirements, particularly for third-party data and model vendors. Examination practice will probably matter as much as the text: as departments begin asking for AIS Program documents, insurers will learn what evidence examiners consider adequate. Federal policy on AI remains unsettled, and state approaches still differ, so carriers operating nationally will need to reconcile the NAIC framework with state-specific rules such as those in Colorado and New York.
Gushyira mu bikorwa Isi
A property insurer that uses a machine learning model to flag claims for fraud review documents who approved the model, what data it uses, and how often it is tested for drift, so it can hand that record to examiners during a market conduct exam.
A life insurer licensing a third-party underwriting score adds contract clauses giving it audit rights and requiring the vendor to cooperate with regulator inquiries, as the bulletin's third-party section recommends.
A mid-sized auto carrier classifies its customer-service chatbot as lower risk than its pricing model, applying lighter controls to the chatbot and formal bias testing to the model, reflecting the bulletin's proportionate approach.
An independent agency using a carrier's AI quoting portal learns that the carrier, not the agency, is responsible for the model's governance, but still trains staff to escalate outputs that look wrong or unfair.
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Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa
What is The NAIC Model Bulletin on AI in Insurance?
The NAIC Model Bulletin on the Use of Artificial Intelligence Systems by Insurers is guidance, adopted by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners in December 2023, that tells insurers to maintain a written, risk-based program governing how they build, buy and use AI. It does not create a new law; it explains how existing insurance laws against unfair discrimination and unfair practices apply when decisions are made or supported by AI. It matters because state regulators can ask for that program during examinations, so it shapes how carriers, vendors and the agents who use carrier tools handle AI.
How does the NAIC Model Bulletin on AI gain legal effect in a given state?
The NAIC is an association of state regulators. Its model bulletin only applies in a state once that state's insurance department issues it.
What does the bulletin call the written program insurers are expected to maintain for AI use?
The bulletin expects a written AIS Program covering governance, risk management, controls and third-party oversight for AI systems.
Under the bulletin, what is an Adverse Consumer Outcome?
Adverse Consumer Outcomes are decisions that adversely affect consumers in ways that are inconsistent with insurance laws, such as unfair discrimination.
Which statement about the bulletin's legal basis is accurate?
The bulletin does not create a new statute or thresholds; it relies on existing insurance laws and describes expectations under them.
A carrier buys an AI underwriting score from a vendor. According to the bulletin, who remains responsible for consumer outcomes from that score?
The bulletin is explicit that insurers remain responsible for outcomes from third-party systems they use, even when a vendor supplied the model.
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