Byagenze bite
Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi bwa Carnegie Mellon, MIT, na Cornell ryashyize ahagaragara ubushakashatsi bubiri bwateganijwe ku ya 6 Kanama kugira ngo hamenyekane niba ibiganiro bigufi bya AI bishobora kurwanya imyizerere y’ubugambanyi mu gihe hakiri ibintu bigaragara.
Abashakashatsi basesenguye abantu bakuru 472 bo muri Amerika bagaragaje ibitekerezo by’ubugambanyi nyuma yo muri Nyakanga 2024 bagerageza kwica Donald Trump na 1.035 nyuma y’iyicwa rya Charlie Kirk muri Nzeri 2025. Abitabiriye amahugurwa bahawe amahirwe yo kuganira kubiganiro, ibiganiro bya AI bidafitanye isano, cyangwa urutonde ruhamye rwibihe.
Amatsinda y'ibiganiro yarangije byibuze kungurana ibitekerezo bitanu na Gemini 1.5 Pro mubigeragezo byambere na Gemini 2.5 Pro mukwa kabiri. Izi ngero zombi zakiriye ukuri gushingiye gutandukanya amakuru yemejwe, ibirego bidahwitse, nibibazo bidakemutse; icyitegererezo cya kabiri nacyo gishobora gushakisha kurubuga gusa kugirango tumenye amakuru yukuri.
Ku gipimo cya 0 kugeza kuri 100 cyo kwizera kuri buri wese mu bitabiriye ibitekerezo bye bwite, ibiganiro byateganijwe byatumye igabanuka ry'amanota 6.95 ugereranije no kugenzura ntaho bihuriye no kugerageza mu igeragezwa rya mbere n'amanota 7.56 mu cya kabiri. Itandukaniro riva kumpapuro zifatika zari 5.60 na 6.56. Uru rupapuro rutangaza ingaruka zisanzwe zigera kuri 0.32 kugeza 0.38 kubigereranya.
Ubushakashatsi bubiri bwateguwe mugihe gito inyandiko zifatika zari zikiri gutera imbere. Uwa mbere yakurikiranye kugerageza kwica Donald Trump muri Nyakanga 2024; kabiri yakurikiranye iyicwa rya Nzeri 2025 rya Charlie Kirk. Abitabiriye amahugurwa basuzumwe ibisobanuro by’ubugambanyi cyangwa bidashidikanywaho, hanyuma bahabwa ikiganiro kivuga ku nyigisho zabo bwite, ikiganiro cya AI kidafitanye isano, cyangwa urupapuro rwerekana ukuri. Ubushakashatsi bwa kabiri bwari bwaranditswe mbere, mu gihe icya mbere atari cyo, bityo kwigana biratanga amakuru ariko ntibingana n'ibigeragezo bibiri byigenga byemeza.
Ibisobanuro birambuye: Costello and colleagues' research paper on arXiv ↗
Impamvu ari ngombwa
Igisubizo cyerekana ko sisitemu yo kuganira ishobora gukora ibirenze gusubiramo ubugororangingo: irashobora guhuza ukuri, ibibazo, no gushidikanya kumpamvu yihariye umuntu atanga kubwo kwizera.
Iri tandukaniro ni ingirakamaro mugihe cyihuta-cyihuta, mugihe ibimenyetso byemejwe bituzuye kandi urupapuro rusange rushobora kudashobora gukemura ikibazo umuntu abona ko cyemeza. Isesengura ry'ingamba z'uru rupapuro ryerekanye ko icyitegererezo cyashingiye cyane ku masoko yizewe, ibibazo byafunguye, no kwitonda igihe bike byari bizwi, hanyuma bikoresha ibimenyetso bitaziguye igihe ibyabaye kabiri byari bifite amateka manini.
Abanditsi kandi batangaza ibimenyetso bike byerekana nyuma. Amezi abiri nyuma yikigeragezo cya mbere, abitabiriye ibiganiro ntibakunze kugenzurwa kugirango bemeze ibisobanuro bibiri by’ubugambanyi ku byabaye nyuma. Mugukurikirana kwa kabiri, umukoro wo kuvura utaziguye wagabanije cyane imyizerere yerekeye kurasa nyuma, nubwo isesengura ryihariye ryakomeje kwandikwa hamwe n’umugambi mugari w’ubugambanyi bwagaragaje ingaruka ntoya.
Igishushanyo cyerekana impamvu imikoranire ishobora kurenza ikosorwa rihamye uterekanye ko kwemeza ari byiza. Gemini 1.5 Pro mubushakashatsi bwambere na Gemini 2.5 Pro mugice cya kabiri yakiriye abashakashatsi bashingiye kumpamvu zitandukanya amakuru yemejwe, ibirego bidahwitse, nibibazo bidakemutse. Icyitegererezo gishobora kubaza kubitekerezo byihariye by abitabiriye amahugurwa hanyuma bagahitamo gusubiza mu buryo butaziguye, gutanga ibimenyetso byizewe, cyangwa kurinda gushidikanya. Ihinduka ry’imihindagurikire ni ingirakamaro mu burezi, ariko kandi ritanga na sisitemu ubushishozi ku bivugako bivuguruza n'inkomoko y'imbere.
Ubushakashatsi ntabwo bufite ishingiro bwo gukoresha bots zemeza mubiganiro rusange. Sisitemu isabwa guhindura imyizerere ifite imbaraga zidasanzwe, kandi abanditsi bavuga ko tekinike nkiyi ishobora kongera imyizerere y'ibinyoma. Serivise iyo ari yo yose yakenera umwanditsi mu mucyo, ibyabaye byizewe gushingirwaho, kurinda ibitero bya politiki, hamwe n'ibizamini byigenga byerekana ukuri n'ingaruka zitateganijwe.
Uburyo bukoreshwa: Uburyo bukora
Shakisha ikoranabuhanga ryihishe inyuma yiri terambere.
Impossibility results in algorithmic fairness (e.g. Kleinberg et al., Chouldechova) show what?
Ibyo kureba
Reba urungano rusubirwamo, kwigana ibirenze ibibazo bibiri bya politiki yo muri Amerika, hamwe nibimenyetso byerekana niba abantu bahitamo gukoresha igikoresho nkicyo batinjijwe mubushakashatsi.
Nibisobanuro bishya byubatswe hafi yubushakashatsi bubiri. Ikigeragezo cya mbere nticyanditswe mbere, icya kabiri cyari, kandi byombi byapimye imyizerere yivugiye ubwe nyuma yigihe gito cyo gukorana kumurongo aho kuba imyitwarire yo kugabana kwisi, gutora, cyangwa kwizerana igihe kirekire.
Ingero zasesenguwe zirimo abitabiriye gusa ibisubizo byafunguwe byashyizwe mubikorwa nkubugambanyi cyangwa bidashidikanywaho na GPT-4o, nubwo abanditsi bavuga uburyo busa nubundi buryo bwo gushyira mu byiciro. Ubushakashatsi bwombi bwashakishije abantu bakuru bo muri Amerika binyuze muri CloudResearch, bityo ibyagaragaye ntibishobora kwimukira mu bindi bihugu, indimi, ibyabaye, cyangwa abaturage.
Icyitegererezo nticyashingiraga ku bumenyi budafashijwe: abashakashatsi batanze ibimenyetso bifatika byakusanyirijwe hamwe n'amabwiriza yo kwemeza neza. Akazi kazoza kagomba gusuzuma ninde ukomeza ibyo bintu mukibazo ntarengwa, uko amakosa akosorwa, niba ibitekerezo bivuguruzanya bifatwa buri gihe, kandi mugihe sisitemu igomba kurinda gushidikanya aho kugerageza kubyemeza.
Hariho kandi itandukaniro ryo gupima hagati yo guhindura imyizerere yavuzwe no kunoza imyumvire yumuntu. Ibyavuyemo ni raporo yakozwe ku giti cye yakusanyirijwe nyuma y’ibiganiro bigufi kuri interineti, ntibyubahirijwe imyitwarire yo kugabana, kugenzura inkomoko, gutora, cyangwa ibyemezo byafashwe mugihe cyibibazo bizima. Urupapuro rwakurikiranye rutanga ibimenyetso hakiri kare kubyerekeranye no gutsimbarara, ariko ibisubizo bivanze bivuze ko ubushakashatsi bwakurikiyeho bugomba kubanza kwandikisha ibisubizo byigihe kirekire, gukurikiranwa, no gusuzuma niba abitabiriye amahugurwa bashobora gusobanura ibimenyetso ubwabo aho gusubiramo gusa umwanzuro w’icyitegererezo.
Kwigana bigomba gutandukanya inkomoko yibyabaye kimwe nabaturage. Ubu bushakashatsi bwatanze ubushakashatsi bwibanze ku bashakashatsi kandi bwinjiza abantu bakuru bo muri Amerika binyuze muri CloudResearch, ibyo bigatuma igenamigambi ridasanzwe ariko rigasiga ibibazo byerekeranye nibyabaye mu ndimi nyinshi, imiterere ihuza abantu bake, hamwe n’ibibazo amakuru atinda cyangwa atongana. Ikigeragezo cyashinzwe gishobora gutuma umwanditsi w'icyitegererezo agaragara, reka abitabiriye amahugurwa banze gutabara, bandike ibimenyetso byerekanwe, kandi bakoreshe abacamanza bigenga kugirango barebe niba ibiganiro byakosoye imyumvire itari yo itabanje gushya. Igomba gupima ikizere, igisubizo cyamarangamutima, nubushake bwo gusangira ibirego hamwe n amanota yo kwizera.