Chii chaitika
NPR inoshuma kuti vaongorori vakadzidzisa maAI modhi pane yakakura kuunganidzwa kweDNA kutevedzana uye vakavakumbira kuti vagadzire hutachiona hutsva genomes. Vatsvakurudzi vakaunza zvinenge 300 AI-yakagadzirwa sequences mubhakitiriya; 16 yakagadzira mavhairasi anoshanda anokwanisa kutapurira mamwe mabhakitiriya. Iri basa rakaburitswa munguva pfupi yapfuura muSainzi, maererano neNPR.
NPR's Aug. 25 Short Wave report inoti vatsvakurudzi vakadzidzisa maAI mamodheru pamusoro peDNA sequences, vachibata mabhii mana genetic alphabet-A, C, G uye T-semutauro uyo masisitimu anogona kudzidza maitiro. Chinangwa chaive chisiri chekungobereka mavhairasi anozivikanwa asi kugadzira kutevedzana kwehutachiwana hwejenome. Kwanobva kunotsanangura basa iri serinosanganisira mavhairasi anotapurira utachiona, kwete vanhu. Mune mamwe mazwi, chirevo chinosiyanisa basa rechizvarwa-chemuenzaniso kubva kune zvinorehwa nezvechirwere chevanhu kana kurapwa.
Sekureva kweNPR, vaongorori vakaunza iyo AI-yakagadzirwa hutachiona DNA mubhakitiriya, iyo yakabva yaburitsa mavhairasi anokwanisa kutapurira mamwe mabhakitiriya. Vakaedza dhizaini ingangoita mazana matatu, uye gumi nematanhatu vakashanda mupfungwa yekuti vakagadzira hutachiona hunoshanda. NPR inozivisa Brian Hie wekuStanford semumwe wevaongorori uye inoshuma kuti chirongwa ichi chakatora rinenge gore kuti chipere. Chiyero chekubudirira chakashumwa chaive chikonzero kubva kune iyi chaiyo bvunzo seti, pane kutaura kuti akawanda magadzirirwo achashanda.
NPR inoshuma kuti vaongorori vakatora matanho ekuchengetedza basa uye inoti chidzidzo ichi chakaburitswa muSainzi. Inoshumawo kuti lab yaHie inotenda kuti yaive yekutanga kuita iyi mhando yekuyedza. Iyo yekutanga-ye-yayo-yemhando yemhando, maitiro ekuchengetedza uye mhedzisiro yekuedza inoshumwa neNPR; ivo havana kuzvimiririra kusimbiswa mune yakapihwa sosi, iyo isingapi nzira dzebepa, kutevedzana data, zvidzoreso kana zvizere mhedzisiro yekuedza. Iyo miganho yakakosha nekuti iyo account yakapihwa inopfupikisa zvakawanikwa pasina kupa iyo yepasi tekinoroji rekodhi yekuongorora kwakasiyana.
Nei zvichikosha
Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti AI inogona kupedzisira yabatsira vaongorori kugadzira bacteriophages - mavhairasi anotapurira nekuuraya mabhakitiriya - kunangana nehutachiona husingaurayiwi nemishonga. NPR inoshumawo kuti kufambira mberi kumwe chete kunogona kudzikisa zvipingamupinyi zvehunyanzvi kugadzira biology ine njodzi sezvo tekinoroji ichiwedzera kugona uye kuwanikwa.
Iyo yepedyo-yenguva yekurapa mukana inotsanangurwa neNPR dhizaini yemabhakteriophages akagadzirirwa hutachiona hwehutachiona husingaurayiwi nemishonga. Bacteriophages aripo anogona kutapurira nekuuraya mabhakitiriya, uye vaongorori vanovimba kuti AI inogona kubatsira kugadzira shanduro nyowani sezvo mabhakitiriya anoshanduka kuramba kurapwa. Kana ikasimbiswa mune rimwe basa, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera chishandiso chezvirwere zviri kuramba zvichinetsa kurapa. Chirevo saka chinotsanangura rubatsiro runogona kutsvagisa, rune hunyanzvi uye hunoshanda huchiri kutsamira pakusimbisa kunotevera.
NPR inoshuma zvakare chiono chenguva refu: kushandisa AI kugadzira yakakura genetic masisitimu kana biological nzira umo majini akawanda anoshanda pamwechete. Hie akaudza NPR kuti maturusi akadai anogona kupedzisira abatsira nzira dzezvirwere zvinosanganisira gomarara kana chirwere cheAlzheimer, achisimbisa kuti zano iri riri kunze kwechikamu chebepa razvino. Chirevo chinopa izvi senzira yekufungidzira yekutsvagisa, kwete semushonga uripo kana kuratidza mhedzisiro yekiriniki. NPR haitauri kuti izvi zvakakura zvikumbiro zvakavakwa, zvakaedzwa muvarwere kana kuratidzwa kushanda.
Kugona kwakafanana kune huviri-kushandisa dimension. Tom Inglesby weJohns Hopkins Center for Health Security, anga asina kubatikana muchidzidzo ichi, akaudza NPR kuti basa iri raive budiriro huru asi akayambira kuti hutongi hahupo kudzivirira kushandiswa netsaona kana nemaune. NPR inoshuma kuti nzira dzazvino dzeinjiniya dzebhayoloji dzinotobvumira mamwe mavhairasi uye zvipenyu kuti zvigadziriswe kana kugadzirwa, asi hunyanzvi uhu uye kuwana zvinoramba zvipingamupinyi zvakakosha. Chirevo hachiratidze kuti zvipingamupinyi izvi zvichadonha nekukurumidza sei kana kuti magadzirirwo eAI-aizove nyore kushandisa zvombo mukuita. Yambiro yaro ine chekuita negwara rekugona uye kudiwa kwekutonga, kwete kutaura kuti kuedza uku kwakakuvadza.
Interactive Mechanism: Iyo Inonyatsoshanda
Ongorora ari pasi tekinoroji kuseri kwekusimudzira uku uchipindirana.
Which component of an AI application is the machine-learning model itself?
Zvekutarisa zvinotevera
NPR inoshuma kuti nyanzvi dzinofarira kudzora poindi iyo dhizaini yedhijitari inove yemuviri DNA, kusanganisira yekuongorora maodha ekutevedzana kune njodzi. Chirevo ichi chinoti bhiri reSeneti yeBipartisan rakatsanangurwa panyaya iyi, asi hazvitarise kuti bhiri iri richaenderera mberi here kana kuti kuchengetedzwa kwazvino kungazoona dhizaini yese inokuvadza.
NPR inoshuma kuti nyanzvi dzinoona kugadzirwa kweDNA senzira inogoneka yekudzora. Kunyangwe kana mumwe munhu akagadzira kutevedzana kune njodzi padhijitari, ivo kazhinji vangangoda kuwana DNA yemuviri kuti vaite kuyedza. Chirevo ichi chinoti makambani anogadzira tsika DNA anogona kudikanwa kuti aone maodha ezvine njodzi, uye kuti bipartisan Senate bhiri rakapihwa kuti ride kuongororwa. Kupindira kwakarongwa kwacho kwaizogadzirisa shanduko kubva pakutevedzana kwekombuta kuenda kunzvimbo yekutangira yezvinhu zvipenyu.
Mubvunzo mukuru wemutemo ndewekuti kuongorora kune vatengesi veDNA kunogona kufambirana nekuwedzera kugona dhizaini masisitimu. NPR inoshuma kuti Kevin Esvelt weMIT anotsigira mutemo wehurumende asi anoti hurumende dzinozeza kutsanangura kuti ndedzipi bvunzo dzinogona kuitwa. Inglesby akaudza NPR kuti kugadzirira nyika iyo inokonzeresa denda inova nyore inogona kushanda zvakanyanya pane kungoyedza kuganhurira kuwana maAI modhi. Iyo sosi hairatidze nhamba yebhiri, vatsigiri, chimiro kana chiyero chekuongorora. Iwo asina kupindurwa iwo mameseji anoita kuti chikumbiro chinoshanda chiome kuongorora kubva mushumo chete.
Chirevo ichi chinosiya kusavimbika kukuru kusina kugadziriswa. Mutori wenhau weSainzi weNPR anoti hazvizivikanwe kana AI-yakagadzirwa biological maturusi anozopedzisira aita zvakanaka kupfuura kukuvadza. Kuedza kwaisanganisira bacteriophages, kwete mavhairasi anotapurira vanhu, uye kwakabva hakuna humbowo hwekuti vaongorori vakagadzira pathogen, vakarapa varwere kana kuratidza kubatsira kwekiriniki. Vaverengi vanofanira kutarisa kudzokororwa kwakazvimiririra, tsvakiridzo pamusoro pezvidzoreso zvekuchengetedza, ruzivo rweDNA-odha yekuongorora, uye humbowo kubva kukiriniki kana murabhoritari zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kana vimbiso yekurapa inodarika kuratidzwa kwekutanga uku. Izvo zvakacherechedzwa zvinotsanangura muganho wazvino wehuchapupu hunotsanangurwa mushumo weNPR.