AI katika Maswali ya Usalama wa Dawa na Uangalifu wa Dawa

Majibu na maelezo huonekana unapojibu maswali.

1. Ni nini lengo kuu la uangalizi wa dawa?
   • Kugundua, kutathmini, na kuzuia madhara kutoka kwa dawa baada ya kutumika
   • Uuzaji wa dawa mpya kwa waganga
   • Kuweka bei ya rejareja ya dawa
   • Kubuni ufungaji wa vidonge
2. In the published n2c2 clinical NLP system, what information did the system extract from narrative notes?
   • Only patients’ handwritten signatures
   • Medication and adverse-event concepts and their relations
   • Only final regulatory decisions
   • Only medicine prices
3. Uchanganuzi wa kutolingana hugundua nini katika hifadhidata za matukio mabaya?
   • Tofauti ya bei kati ya chapa na dawa za kawaida
   • Ni hospitali gani iliyowasilisha ripoti nyingi zaidi
   • Jozi za matukio ya dawa ziliripotiwa mara nyingi zaidi kuliko uwezekano wa takwimu ungetabiri
   • Tarehe za kumalizika kwa dawa
4. What is VigiBase, according to Uppsala Monitoring Centre?
   • A database of randomized clinical-trial efficacy results only
   • A list of confirmed causal side effects for every medicine
   • A commercial catalogue of approved drug prices
   • The WHO global database of reported adverse events for medicines and vaccines
5. MedDRA inatumika kwa nini katika mabomba ya uangalizi wa dawa?
   • Msamiati sanifu wa kimatibabu kwa athari na masharti ya usimbaji
   • Chapa ya vifungashio vya dawa
   • Programu ya kupanga kwa madaktari
   • Aina ya skana ya MRI
6. Which sequence does UMC describe in its signal-management process?
   • Diagnosis, prescription, dispensing, billing and discharge
   • Detection, validation, prioritisation, assessment and communication
   • Data collection, automatic causality decision, recall and litigation
   • Model training, deployment, billing and marketing
7. How should a high disproportionality score in a spontaneous-report database be interpreted?
   • As a population incidence rate for all patients
   • As a confirmed causal adverse reaction
   • As a statistical signal for further assessment, not proof that the drug caused the event
   • As proof that no other factor contributed
8. Which four elements satisfy the minimum ICSR criteria in ICH E2D(R1)?
   • A confirmed causal link, a batch number, a prescriber signature, and a laboratory result
   • A product label, a randomized trial, a treatment response, and a safety committee vote
   • A hospital admission, a known dose, a genetic profile, and a published case report
   • An adverse event or other observation, a suspect or interacting product, an identifiable patient, and an identifiable reporter