CUDA da GPU Programming
CUDA shine dandalin NVIDIA don rubuta shirye-shiryen da ke gudana akan GPUs, yana buɗe dubban maɗaukaki don lissafin layi ɗaya.
Dubawa
It is the software foundation that turned GPUs into the engine of modern AI.
Zurfafa nutsewa
CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) yana ba masu haɓaka damar rubuta lambar da ke gudana kai tsaye akan NVIDIA GPUs maimakon CPU kawai. Samfurin shirye-shiryen ya ta'allaka ne akan 'kwaya' - aikin da aka aiwatar a lokaci guda ta dubunnan zaren nauyi, wanda aka tsara cikin tubalan da grids. Saboda GPUs SIMT ne (Umarori ɗaya, Matsaloli da yawa), duk zaren da ke cikin rukuni suna gudanar da koyarwa iri ɗaya akan bayanai daban-daban, wanda ya dace don matrix da lissafi. Yawancin masu aikin AI ba su taɓa rubuta ɗanyen CUDA ba; maimakon haka, tsarin tsarin kamar PyTorch da TensorFlow suna kiran ingantattun ɗakunan karatu na CUDA - cuDNN don ayyukan net ɗin neural da cuBLAS don algebra na layi - ƙarƙashin hular. Wannan wadataccen tarin software balagagge shine mafi girman gasa na NVIDIA: koda lokacin da kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu fafatawa suke da sauri, daidaita yanayin yanayin CUDA yana da wahala sosai.
Fahimtar Fasaha
A cikin CUDA kuna ƙaddamar da kwaya a kan grid na tubalan zaren; kowane zaren yana lissafta yanki ɗaya na abin da aka fitar, wanda aka gano ta hanyar toshewar sa da maƙallan zaren sa. Aiki yana rataye akan tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya: saurin kan-chip 'shaɗin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya' tare da saurin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na duniya, da samun damar ''haɗe'' inda zaren gefen ke karanta adiresoshin kusa. Gujewa rarrabuwar kawuna - inda zaren a cikin zaren 'warp' mai lamba 32 ke ɗaukar rassa daban-daban kuma dole ne a jera su - shima mabuɗin ne don ci gaba da shagaltar da abubuwan GPU.
Dabarun Tasiri
Kudin da kasafin kuɗi
Hukunce-hukuncen gine-gine suna haifar da aiki da tsadar aiki na shekaru.
Shawarwari masu haske
Ilimin fasaha yana taimaka wa ƙungiyoyi su zaɓi tari mai kyau, ba kawai sabon abu ba.
Kula da inganci
Zaɓuɓɓukan injiniya mafi kyau suna rage abin dogaro a cikin samarwa.
Makomar CUDA da Shirye-shiryen GPU
CUDA za ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai rinjaye a cikin AI na tsawon shekaru godiya ga kullewar yanayin muhalli, amma matsin lamba yana haɓaka. Buɗe hanyoyin kamar OpenAI's Triton ya bar masu haɓakawa su rubuta kernels GPU a cikin Python, da ƙoƙarin ƙetare (OpenCL, AMD's ROCm, SYCL) suna nufin karya rikon NVIDIA. Ƙarawa, manyan masu tarawa ta atomatik suna haifar da ingantaccen lambar GPU, don haka ƙarancin injiniyoyi suna rubuta kwaya da hannu. Halin yana zuwa ga mafi girman matakin abstractions yayin da CUDA ta tsaya tsayin daka na aikin kowa ya kwatanta da.
Aiwatar da Gaskiyar Duniya
PyTorch yana gudanar da ayyukan tensor ta atomatik akan GPU ta CUDA lokacin da kuka kira .to('cuda')
cuDNN yana samar da aiwatar da CUDA da aka daidaita da hannu na juzu'ai waɗanda ke haɓaka samfuran hoto
Injiniya yana rubuta kwaya ta CUDA ta al'ada don haɓaka kwaikwaiyon kimiyya na musamman
OpenAI's Triton yana barin masu bincike su rubuta ingantattun kwayayen GPU a cikin Python maimakon CUDA C maras nauyi.
Hatsari & Tsare-tsare
Haɓaka ma'auni ɗaya na iya ɓoye manyan raunin tsarin.
Sau da yawa ana raina kayan more rayuwa da kuma kuɗin kulawa.
Tsaro da gibin lura na iya girma yayin da tsarin ke ƙara haɓaka.
Taswirar Hanya
Ƙayyade latency, inganci, da maƙasudin farashi kafin aiwatarwa.
Alamar ma'auni a ƙarƙashin ainihin kaya da yanayin bayanai.
Kula da kayan aiki don kurakurai, ɗigo, da tasirin mai amfani.
Shirya bijirowa da hanyoyin mayar da martani kafin sikeli.
Ci gaba da Bincike
Free newsletter
Get the daily AI briefing
Three verified AI stories every weekday morning, written in plain English. Free forever, no ads.
One email each weekday. Unsubscribe in one click. We never sell or share your address.
Test yourself
Take the CUDA and GPU Programming quiz
Instant feedback on every answer, and a shareable certificate with a verifiable ID once you pass a course.
Support free AI education. AI Understanding is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit — no ads, no paywall, ever. Make a donation
Jagora na gaba
Gudanar da Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar GPU da Rarraba
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
What is CUDA and GPU Programming?
CUDA shine dandalin NVIDIA don rubuta shirye-shiryen da ke gudana akan GPUs, yana buɗe dubban maɗaukaki don lissafin layi ɗaya. Tushen software ne ya mayar da GPUs zuwa injin AI na zamani.
A cikin kalmomin CUDA, menene 'kwaya'?
A cikin CUDA kernel wani aiki ne da aka ƙaddamar don aiwatarwa lokaci guda a cikin dubunnan zaren GPU, kowanne yana aiki akan bayanai daban-daban.
Menene tsarin aiwatar da SIMT ke nufi?
SIMT (Umarori guda ɗaya, Zaren Maɗaukaki) yana nufin ƙungiyoyin zaren aiwatar da umarni iri ɗaya akan sassa daban-daban na bayanai, manufa don lissafin matrix.
Me yasa PyTorch da TensorFlow ba kasafai suke buƙatar masu amfani su rubuta danyen CUDA ba?
Waɗannan ginshiƙan suna kunshe da ingantattun ɗakunan karatu na CUDA (cuDNN, cuBLAS), don haka masu amfani suna samun haɓaka GPU ba tare da rubuta ƙananan kernels ba.
Menene 'banbancin warp' kuma me yasa yake cutar da aiki?
Warp rukuni ne na zaren (yawanci 32); idan sun ɗauki rassa daban-daban, na'urar tana tsara hanyoyin, suna ɓata daidaitattun kayan aiki.
Me yasa samun damar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar 'haɗaɗɗe' ke da mahimmanci a cikin CUDA?
Lokacin da zaren maƙwabta suka sami damar adiresoshin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya maƙwabta, kayan aikin na iya haɗa waɗanda aka karanta, suna haɓaka haɓakar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya sosai.