AI mu iteganyagihe
Imiterere yikirere ya AI yiga imiterere yikirere biturutse kumyaka myinshi ishize, itanga amakuru yiminsi 10 mumasegonda irwanya cyangwa yatsinze moderi ya supercomputer ishingiye kuri fiziki byatwaye amasaha yo gukora.
Incamake
This is reshaping how meteorologists predict storms, heatwaves, and hurricanes.
Kwibira cyane
Mu myaka 70, iteganyagihe ryasobanuraga gukemura ikigereranyo cya fiziki ya fluid kuri mudasobwa nini cyane - inzira yiswe iteganyagihe (NWP). AI ihindura ubu buryo: moderi nka Google GraphCast ya DeepMind, Pangu-Weather ya Huawei, na FourCastNet ya NVIDIA bahuguwe kuri dataset ya ERA5, hafi imyaka 40 yikirere ku isi. Biga isano iri hagati yikirere cyumunsi n'ejo, hanyuma bagahanura muburyo bwo guhuza aho kwigana fiziki. GraphCast itanga iteganyagihe ryiminsi 10 kwisi yose kuri dogere 0.25 muminota mike kuri TPU imwe, namasaha kumasoko ya mudasobwa. Muri 2023, GraphCast yarushije urugero rwizahabu rwa ECMWF kuri variable nyinshi. Centre yu Burayi ubu ikora imikorere yayo ya AI ikora, AIFS.
Ubushishozi
GraphCast yerekana isi nkigishushanyo: meshi-meshi nyinshi zifatanije kumunzani myinshi, kureka amakuru akwirakwizwa haba mugace ndetse no mumwanya muremure mukuntambwe nke. Igishushanyo mbonera cya neural cyinjiza ikirere nikibanza cyambere, hanyuma gihanura leta amasaha 6 imbere. Guteganya iminsi 10, igaburira umusaruro wayo inyuma muri autoregressive, inshuro 40. Amahugurwa atezimbere ikosa riremereye kurwego rwumuvuduko nimpinduka nkubushyuhe, umuyaga, nubushuhe.
Ingaruka z'Ingamba
Context and rules
Inganda zerekana niba ibitekerezo bya AI bikomeza guhura nukuri.
Kugenzura ubuziranenge
Imbogamizi za domeni zigira ingaruka zemewe namakosa yo kugenzura.
Build choices
Ibikorwa bigenda neza bihuza ubushobozi bwa tekiniki hamwe nakazi kambere.
Kazoza ka AI mu iteganyagihe
Iteganyagihe rya AI riva mubushakashatsi rijya mubikorwa bya buri munsi: ECMWF, Ibiro bishinzwe Ubwongereza, hamwe nabandi bakoresha moderi ya AI hamwe na fiziki. Imipaka ikurikiraho ikubiyemo gukwirakwiza gushingiye ku gukwirakwiza (GenCast) igereranya ukutamenya neza, urugero rw'ibirometero bigera kuri kilometero, hamwe na 'moderi y'ifatizo' ku isi ikora ikirere, ikirere, hamwe n'ikirere hamwe. Sisitemu ya Hybrid ihuza umuvuduko wa AI hamwe na physics yo kwizerwa kurenza urugero birashoboka, kubera ko moderi nziza itwarwa namakuru irashobora gupfobya ibintu bitigeze bibaho bitabonetse mumahugurwa.
Gushyira mu bikorwa Isi
Google GraphCast ya DeepMind itanga iteganyagihe ry'iminsi 10 ku isi mu minota mike, ikoreshwa mu kwerekana inzira ya serwakira iminsi mike.
ECMWF ikoresha icyitegererezo cyayo cya AIFS kugirango yuzuze ibisanzwe gakondo bya fiziki bishingiye kuri serivisi z’ikirere cy’i Burayi
NVIDIA's FourCastNet itanga vuba vuba amatsinda manini yo kugereranya amahirwe yumuyaga ukabije n’imvura
GenCast itanga ibisobanuro byerekana ko yatsinze ENS ya ECMWF kuri 97 ku ijana by'ibihe byageragejwe, bigateza imbere inzira yo mu turere dushyuha
Ingaruka & Kurinda
Ibisabwa kugenzurwa birashobora gutesha agaciro ubundi prototypes ikomeye.
Amakuru yamateka arashobora gushiramo kubogama byangiza abaturage.
Sisitemu yumurage irashobora gushiraho uburyo bwo kwishyira hamwe nibiciro byihishe.
Igishushanyo mbonera
Shyiramo abahanga ba domaine kuva ibibazo bitegura gusuzuma.
Shushanya inzira y'ubugenzuzi n'inyandiko mbere yo gutangira.
Emeza kubahiriza inshingano z'umutekano hakiri kare.
Kuzenguruka mu byiciro hamwe no guhagarara neza no kugaruka.
Komeza Ubushakashatsi
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Ubuyobozi bukurikira
AI mu iteganyagihe
Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa
What is AI in Weather Forecasting?
Imiterere yikirere ya AI yiga imiterere yikirere biturutse kumyaka myinshi ishize, itanga amakuru yiminsi 10 mumasegonda irwanya cyangwa yatsinze moderi ya supercomputer ishingiye kuri fiziki byatwaye amasaha yo gukora. Ibi biravugurura uburyo abahanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere bahanura ibihuhusi, ubushyuhe, hamwe na serwakira.
Nibihe dataset iyobora imiterere yikirere ya AI nka GraphCast itoza cyane?
GraphCast nibindi bisa byahuguwe kuri ECMWF ya ERA5 yisesengura, itanga imyaka mirongo yamakuru yisaha yisi yose yisaha.
Nigute moderi ya AI nka GraphCast itandukanye cyane nuburyo bwo guhanura ikirere?
NWP mubare ikemura ibingana na fluid-dinamike, mugihe AI yerekana imiterere-ihuza umubano wize kuva mumateka.
Nigute GraphCast itanga iteganyagihe ryiminsi 10 uhereye kumasaha 6 yo guhanura?
GraphCast ihanura amasaha 6 imbere, hanyuma igaburira ibyo guhanura bisubirwamo nkibisubiramo, bigasubiramo inshuro 40 kugirango bigere kuminsi 10.
Hafi GraphCast ifata igihe kingana iki kugirango itange iminsi 10 yisi yose kuri TPU imwe?
Inyungu nyamukuru yo guhanura AI ni umuvuduko: GraphCast ikora munsi yiminota nisaha ya supercomputer NWP.
Ni ubuhe butumwa bukomeye bwerekana amakuru yimiterere yimiterere yikirere?
Kuberako bigira kumateka yamateka, moderi ya AI irashobora guhangana nibintu byandika bidafite amateka mumyitozo yabo.