Byagenze bite
Ikinyamakuru The Guardian kivuga ko Bill Gates yatanze igitekerezo cyo gushyira ku ruhande imirimo imwe n'imwe mu gihe AI na robo bitera imbere. Mu nyandiko y’amagambo 6.000, Gates yagereranije izo nshingano n’ibidukikije ndetse anita ku kwita ku bantu, harimo n’itumanaho ry’indwara zikomeye z’ubuvuzi, nk'akazi imashini zitagomba gusimbuza. Yagabishije kandi ko guverinoma zititeguye ku ngaruka za AI mu bijyanye n'akazi, uburezi, imisoro, amatora, ubuzima rusange, imari n'ubundi buryo.
Ikinyamakuru The Guardian kivuga ko Bill Gates yatanze icyiciro cy'imirimo “yabitswe n'abantu” mu nyandiko y'amagambo 6.000 yise “Igihe cy'imivurungano ya AI kirageze. Guhitamo ni ingenzi.” Gates yavuze ko uko sisitemu ya AI hamwe na robo bigenda bitera imbere, sosiyete zishobora guhitamo kugumisha abantu ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe nubwo imashini zishobora kubikora mu buryo bwa tekiniki. Yagereranije iryo hitamo n’ibidukikije: ahantu hashobora kubakwa ariko byanze kuko igihombo cyafatwa nkigikomeye.
Gates yakoresheje ubuvuzi nk'urugero rwe rusobanutse. Ikinyamakuru The Guardian kivuga ko yerekeje ku banyamwuga bita kuri se, wapfuye azize indwara ya Alzheimer mu myaka itandatu ishize, akavuga ko hari icyo muri ubwo buvuzi cyari umuntu ku buryo budasubirwaho. Yabajije by'umwihariko niba robot igomba gutanga amakuru avuga ko umurwayi afite indwara idakira, mu gihe yemera ko nta mpamvu ya tekiniki robot idashobora kubikora. Raporo igaragaza ibi nk'urubanza rwa Gates ku bigomba gukomeza kuyoborwa n'abantu, ntabwo ari ibimenyetso byerekana ko sisitemu ziriho zishobora kwigenga mu nshingano zose z'ubuvuzi cyangwa kwita ku bana.
Ikinyamakuru The Guardian kivuga ko Gates yihanangirije guverinoma ko zititeguye urugero rwa AI. Yanditse ko urwego rw’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga ruzakenera gukemura ibibazo by’umutekano w’igihugu gusa ahubwo ko ruzakemura ibibazo by’akazi, uburezi, imisoro, ingufu, amatora, ikirere n’amazi, ubuzima rusange, imari, kubahiriza amategeko, ubwikorezi, ubutaka rusange na sisitemu y’ikoranabuhanga. Gates yagereranije imbogamizi n’ivugurura rikomeye rya guverinoma y’Amerika nyuma y’ibitero byo ku ya 11 Nzeri, avuga ko AI izakenera igisubizo cyagutse cyane.
Raporo ivuga kandi ko Gates yasabye ubufatanye hagati y’Amerika n'Ubushinwa mu rwego rwo gushyira ingufu mu rwego rwo kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa na AI. Nk’uko ikinyamakuru The Guardian kibitangaza ngo abakozi be barimo gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bategure inama na Perezida w'Ubushinwa Xi Jinping. Amakuru avuga ko Gates aheruka guhura na Xi mu myaka itatu ishize, ariko ntibyemeza ko hateganijwe inama nshya cyangwa ko guverinoma iyo ari yo yose yemeye urwego runaka.
Ku burezi, Ikinyamakuru The Guardian kivuga ko Gates yihanangirije AI ishobora kugira ingaruka zivuguruzanya: ishobora gufasha abantu kwiga byinshi mu gihe kandi itera abantu bamwe kwiga bike. Yatanze ubushakashatsi bumwe bwibanze bujyanye no gukoresha AI cyane hamwe no gutekereza nabi, bigira ingaruka zikomeye mu rubyiruko. Inkomoko ntisobanura ubushakashatsi burambuye cyangwa ngo bushyireho impamvu.
Ibisobanuro birambuye: theguardian.com ↗
Impamvu ari ngombwa
Icyifuzo cyerekana imiterere ya AI nkikibazo cyo guhitamo imibereho, ntabwo ari ubushobozi bwa tekiniki gusa. Raporo ya The Guardian iragaragaza impagarara hagati yo gukoresha AI mu kwagura no gutanga umusaruro mu gihe hirindwa uburyo bw'imirimo bushingiye ku kwizerana, inshingano no kuba abantu bahari. Gates kandi yahujije imiyoborere ya AI n'ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, avuga ko hazakenerwa ubufatanye hagati ya Amerika n'Ubushinwa.
Icyifuzo gifite akamaro kuko gihindura impaka niba AI ishobora gukora umurimo niba gusimbuza abantu byangiza ikintu societe iha agaciro. Urugero rwa Gatesi, imico ijyanye ntabwo ari ukuri cyangwa umuvuduko gusa. Harimo impuhwe, kwizerana, kubazwa hamwe nuburambe bwo kwitabwaho nundi muntu. Iyo mico iragoye kugabanya ku gipimo ngenderwaho cya tekiniki, kandi raporo ntagaragaza ko guverinoma yemeye uburyo bwo kubipima cyangwa kubirinda.
Konti ya The Guardian kandi ishyira imiyoborere ya AI mubice byinshi bya politiki icyarimwe. Niba AI igira ingaruka kumurimo, uburezi, imisoro, amatora, ubuzima rusange, sisitemu yimari no kubahiriza amategeko, ibyemezo byafashwe mukarere kamwe bishobora kugira ingaruka kubindi. Kurugero, impinduka mubikorwa byakazi bishobora guhindura imisoro nibikenerwa mu burezi, mugihe ikoreshwa rya AI muri serivisi rusange rishobora kubyutsa ibibazo bijyanye no kubazwa no kubigeraho. Inkomoko ivuga umuburo wa Gatesi kuri ubu bugari ariko ntabwo yanditse igisubizo cya leta cyangwa gahunda yihariye yinzego.
Ikibazo cyakazi ningaruka nubwo inyandiko idatanga iteganyagihe ryakazi, urutonde rwimirimo ikingiwe cyangwa ingengabihe yo kwimurwa. Gates avuga ko imirimo myinshi izashira burundu nk'uko ikinyamakuru The Guardian kibitangaza, ariko raporo ntisobanura mu bwigenge ubwo buhanuzi. Basomyi rero bagomba gutandukanya itumanaho rikomeye ryikoranabuhanga ryiburira hamwe nibimenyetso byapimwe kubyerekeye isoko ry'umurimo. Ingingo ntabwo itanga amakuru mashya yakazi, icyitegererezo cyubukungu cyangwa gusuzuma imirimo ishobora guhinduka.
Impaka zuburezi zifite aho zigarukira. Ubushakashatsi bwibanze buhuza imikoreshereze iremereye ya AI hamwe nibitekerezo bidahwitse bishobora gusobanura ubundi bushakashatsi, ariko ntibishobora kwerekana ko AI yateje ishyirahamwe ryatangajwe cyangwa ko ibisubizo bikurikizwa mumyaka, amasomo cyangwa ubwoko bwimikoreshereze. Raporo ya Murinzi ntabwo itanga icyitegererezo cy'ubushakashatsi, igishushanyo, ingamba cyangwa uko urungano rusubirwamo. Uku gushidikanya ni ingenzi kumashuri nimiryango ihitamo niba AI igomba kubuzwa, kwigishwa nkigikoresho, cyangwa kwinjizwa mukwiga.
Icyiciro cyateganijwe kirengera abantu gishobora kuba ingirakamaro kuri politiki rusange niba leta cyangwa inzego zumwuga zitangiye gusobanura imipaka yo gukoresha. Amategeko nkaya arashobora kurinda abatishoboye no kubungabunga uburyo bwa serivisi bufite agaciro, ariko birashobora no gutera ibibazo bitoroshye kubijyanye nigiciro, abakozi, uburyo bwo kuvurwa hamwe. Inkomoko ntivuga ko Gates yatanze amategeko cyangwa ko ubuyobozi ubwo aribwo bwose busuzuma igitekerezo cye.
Uburyo bukoreshwa: Uburyo bukora
Shakisha ikoranabuhanga ryihishe inyuma yiri terambere.
Why can ethical evaluation not be reduced to one model score?
Ibyo kureba
Ibibazo nyamukuru bitarakemuka ni akazi, niba gahari, yakira uburinzi busanzwe, ninde wahitamo, nuburyo ubwo burinzi bwashyirwa mubikorwa. Ikinyamakuru The Guardian kivuga ko abakozi ba Gates barimo gukora kugira ngo bategure inama yo mu Gushyingo na Perezida w'Ubushinwa Xi Jinping, ariko iyi nama ntiremezwa aho ikomoka. Ibimenyetso byatanzwe ku ngaruka za AI ku bitekerezo bikomeye na byo ni ibanziriza, kandi inkomoko ntabwo itanga uburyo burambuye cyangwa ibisubizo.
Ikibazo cya mbere tugomba kureba ni ukumenya niba "abantu babitse" bikomeje kuba ihame cyangwa bihinduka icyifuzo cya politiki ifatika. Raporo ya Murinzi itanga ingero zitaweho ariko nta bisobanuro byemewe n'amategeko, uburyo bwo kubahiriza amategeko, urugero rwinkunga cyangwa urutonde rwakazi. Impaka zose za politiki zikomeye zikeneye gukemura niba kurinda bireba imyuga yose, imirimo yihariye, cyangwa ibihe bireba abantu batishoboye hamwe nicyemezo gikomeye.
Ikibazo cya kabiri ni iterambere ryimiyoborere mpuzamahanga ya AI. Ikinyamakuru The Guardian kivuga ko Gates yemera ko ubufatanye bwa Amerika n'Ubushinwa buzakenerwa kandi ko abakozi be barimo gukora kugira ngo bategure inama na Xi Jinping mu Gushyingo. Inama ntabwo yemejwe ninkomoko, kandi nta gahunda cyangwa ibisubizo byumvikanyweho bitangwa. Raporo ikurikira igomba kwerekana niba inama ibaye kandi niba itanga icyifuzo cyihariye aho guhamagarira ubufatanye muri rusange.
Ikibazo cya gatatu ni ibimenyetso byerekana ibirego bya AI nibitekerezo bikomeye. Ubushakashatsi bwatanzwe na Gates busobanurwa gusa nkibanze. Gukurikirana byingirakamaro bikubiyemo uburyo bwubushakashatsi, gutandukanya isano nimpamvu, ubwoko bwimikoreshereze ya AI bwasuzumwe, kandi niba abashakashatsi bigenga babyara ibisubizo. Hatariho ayo makuru, ibyagaragaye ntibigomba gufatwa nka konti ihamye yukuntu AI igira ingaruka ku rubyiruko.
Guverinoma n’abakoresha barashobora kandi gusubiza binyuze mu igenamigambi ry’abakozi, kongera imyitozo, politiki y’uburezi n’amategeko yo gufata ibyemezo byikora. Ikinyamakuru The Guardian kivuga ko Gates abona AI ifite akamaro muri utwo turere twose, ariko ntigaragaza ingamba nshya zemewe zijyanye n'inyandiko ye. Ikibazo gifatika nukumenya niba ibigo bishobora gusobanura inshingano zabantu bihagije kugirango bibungabunge mugihe ibikoresho bya AI byinjiye muri serivisi zisanzwe.
Hanyuma, abasomyi bagomba kureba itandukaniro risobanutse hagati yubushobozi nubuzimagatozi. Ubushobozi bwa sisitemu yo gutanga amakuru, gutanga ubwitonzi cyangwa gukora imirimo yubuyobozi ntabwo ikemura niba igomba kubikora, ikurikiranwa, cyangwa nuburyo bwo kwitabaza amakosa. Inyandiko ya Gates itera ibyo bibazo, ariko inkomoko ntabwo itanga ibisubizo cyangwa ngo yigenga yigenga ubushobozi bwa sisitemu iyo ari yo yose.