Uhlolojikelele
Ukubalwa kabusha kokwenza kusebenze (i-gradient noma ukuhlola kokuvula) kulondoloza inkumbulo ye-GPU ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa ngokulahla ukwenzeka okuphakathi nendawo kuphasi eliya phambili bese kubala kabusha ngesikhathi sokudlula emuva. Ihweba ngekhompuyutha eyengeziwe ukuze ikwazi ukuqeqesha amamodeli amakhulu noma ukulandelana okude kuhadiwe efanayo.
I-Activation Recomputation Tradeoffs iyibhulokhi yokwakha yobuchwepheshe ethinta ikhwalithi yemodeli, izindleko zengqalasizinda, ukubambezeleka, nokuthembeka esikalini.
I-Deep Dive
I-Backpropagation idinga ukuqaliswa kokudlula phambili ukuze kubalwe ama-gradient, ngakho-ke ngokuzenzakalelayo konke okuphumayo kwesendlalelo kuyagcinwa - izindleko zememori ezinkulu ezikhula ngosayizi wemodeli, usayizi wenqwaba, nobude bokulandelana. Ukubalwa kabusha kokwenza kusebenze kugcina kuphela amanani 'ezindawo zokuhlola' ezimbalwa (imvamisa nje imingcele yesendlalelo) futhi kulahla okunye. Ngesikhathi sokudlula emuva, iphinda iqalise ukubala phambili phakathi kwezindawo zokuhlola ukuze ikhiqize kabusha okwenziwayo okulahliwe ngokufunwa. Umphumela wakudala ukuthi ngamaphoyinti okuhlola abekwe zonke izendlalelo ze-sqrt(N), inkumbulo yehla icishe ibe ngu-O(sqrt(N)) kuyilapho ingeza cishe ukudlula okukodwa kokuya phambili (~33% ngaphezulu kokubala). Izinhlobonhlobo ezikhethiwe zibuyisela kuphela ama-ops ashibhile-kodwa-inkumbulo-asindayo (njengokunaka noma ukuyeka) kuyilapho kugcinwa kunqolobane abizayo, kuthola ukonga okuningi kwenkumbulo ngenani elincane kakhulu lembuyiselo ephezulu.
I-Technical Insight
I-tradeoff eyisisekelo inkumbulo iqhathaniswa nama-FLOP. Ukubalwa kabusha okugcwele kucishe kwengeze iphasi eyodwa eyengeziwe esinyathelweni ngasinye (~30-40% kancane) kodwa kunganqamula inkumbulo yokwenza kusebenze ngohlelo lobukhulu. Ukunyakaza okuhlakaniphile kuwukuhlola okukhethiwe: thola ama-ops amakhulu enkumbulo kodwa ashibhile (softmax, layernorm, GELU, amaphuzu okunakwa) bese ubuyisela lawo maphuzu kuphela, kuyilapho ugcina imiphumela yama-GEMM abizayo egcinwe kunqolobane — unciphisa ikhompuyutha emoshiwe.
I-Mastering Acting Recomputation Tradeoffs
Ukubalwa kabusha kokwenza kusebenze (i-gradient noma ukuhlola kokuvula) kulondoloza inkumbulo ye-GPU ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa ngokulahla ukwenzeka okuphakathi nendawo kuphasi eliya phambili bese kubala kabusha ngesikhathi sokudlula emuva. Ihweba ngekhompuyutha eyengeziwe ukuze ikwazi ukuqeqesha amamodeli amakhulu noma ukulandelana okude kuhadiwe efanayo. I-Activation Recomputation Tradeoffs iyibhulokhi yokwakha yobuchwepheshe ethinta ikhwalithi yemodeli, izindleko zengqalasizinda, ukubambezeleka, nokuthembeka esikalini. Ukuze wakhe ukuqonda okujulile, phatha i-Activation Recomputation Tradeoffs njengemodeli yokusebenza, hhayi isici esisodwa: chaza imiphumela efiselekayo, ucacise ukucabanga, futhi uhlukanise lokho isistimu engakwenza ngokwethembeka kulokho okusadinga ukwahlulela kochwepheshe.
Empeleni, amaqembu aqinile asebenzisa i-Activation Recomputation Tradeoffs alungiselela izakhiwo, idatha, nokukhetha kwengqalasizinda ngokumelene nokuthembeka nezindleko. Babhala imibandela yempumelelo ecacile, ukuhlola okuqhathaniswa nedatha engokoqobo nokugeleza komsebenzi, futhi baphindaphinde ngokusekelwe kumaphethini okuhluleka aqashiwe esikhundleni sokuwina kwebhentshimakhi yesikhathi esisodwa. Yilapho ukuqonda kwethiyori kuguquka kube amandla ahlala njalo kuwo wonke umkhiqizo, inqubomgomo, kanye nokusebenza.
Izinqumo zezakhiwo ziqhuba ukusebenza kanye nezindleko zokusebenza iminyaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Ukuthuthukisa ibhentshimakhi eyodwa kungafihla ubuthakathaka obubanzi besistimu. Indlela eqine kakhulu iwukuhlanganisa isivinini sokuhlola nesiyalo sokuphatha: qhuba abashayeli bezindiza, bamba ubufakazi, ushicilele amalogi ezinqumo, futhi ubuyekeze izivikelo ngokuqhubekayo njengoba imodeli yokuziphatha, okulindelwe ngabasebenzisi, kanye nezimfuneko zokulawula zishintsha.
I-Strategic Impact
Izinqumo zezakhiwo ziqhuba ukusebenza kanye nezindleko zokusebenza iminyaka.
Izinqumo zezakhiwo ziqhuba ukusebenza kanye nezindleko zokusebenza iminyaka. Ekusetshenzisweni kwekhwalithi ephezulu, lokhu kuhunyushwa emithethweni yokusebenza elinganisekayo, imingcele yobunikazi, nemikhuba yokubuyekeza ephindelelayo ukuze amaqembu akwazi ukukala ukuzethemba esikhundleni sokukala ukungaqondakali.
Imfundo yobuchwepheshe isiza amaqembu ukuthi akhethe isitaki esifanele, hhayi nje esisha.
Imfundo yobuchwepheshe isiza amaqembu ukuthi akhethe isitaki esifanele, hhayi nje esisha. Ekusetshenzisweni kwekhwalithi ephezulu, lokhu kuhunyushwa emithethweni yokusebenza elinganisekayo, imingcele yobunikazi, nemikhuba yokubuyekeza ephindelelayo ukuze amaqembu akwazi ukukala ukuzethemba esikhundleni sokukala ukungaqondakali.
Izinketho ezingcono zobunjiniyela zinciphisa izehlakalo ezinokwethenjelwa ekukhiqizeni.
Izinketho ezingcono zobunjiniyela zinciphisa izehlakalo ezinokwethenjelwa ekukhiqizeni. Ekusetshenzisweni kwekhwalithi ephezulu, lokhu kuhunyushwa emithethweni yokusebenza elinganisekayo, imingcele yobunikazi, nemikhuba yokubuyekeza ephindelelayo ukuze amaqembu akwazi ukukala ukuzethemba esikhundleni sokukala ukungaqondakali.
Ukuqaliswa Komhlaba Wangempela
Ukuqeqesha i-transformer enkulu ebingeke ilingane ngokubheka ibhulokhi ngayinye yesendlalelo
Ukusebenzisa i-torch.utils.checkpoint ye-PyTorch ukugoqa amabhlogo we-transformer nokusika inkumbulo yokuvula
Ukuphindaphinda okukhethiwe kokunaka/i-softmax ku-Megatron-LM ukulondoloza inkumbulo ngokuncipha okuncane
Ukunika amandla ubude bokulandelana okude kubhajethi ye-GPU engaguquki ngokubala kabusha ukwenza kusebenze esikhundleni sokukugcina
Amaphethini Okusebenzisa
I-activation Recomputation Tradeoffs ekusebenzeni
Ukuqeqesha i-transformer enkulu ebingeke ilingane ngokubheka ibhulokhi ngayinye yesendlalelo.
Ukuqeqesha i-transformer enkulu ebingeke ilingane ngokubheka ungqimba ngalunye lwebhulokhi Amaqembu ngokuvamile athola imiphumela engcono lapho echaza ikhwalithi ephezulu ngaphambili, egcina indlela yokukhuphuka yabantu yamakesi asemaphethelweni, futhi alandelele kokubili izinzuzo zokukhiqiza nezindleko zamaphutha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-activation Recomputation Tradeoffs ekusebenzeni
Ukusebenzisa i-torch.utils.checkpoint ye-PyTorch ukugoqa amabhlogo we-transformer nokusika inkumbulo yokuvula.
Ukusebenzisa i-torch.utils.checkpoint ye-PyTorch ukusonga amabhulokhi e-transformer nokusika inkumbulo yokwenza kusebenze Amaqembu ngokuvamile athola imiphumela engcono lapho echaza izinga eliphezulu ngaphambili, egcina indlela yokukhuphuka yomuntu yamakesi asemaphethelweni, futhi alandelele kokubili izinzuzo zokukhiqiza nezindleko zamaphutha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-activation Recomputation Tradeoffs ekusebenzeni
Ukuphindaphinda okukhethiwe kokunaka/i-softmax ku-Megatron-LM ukulondoloza inkumbulo ngokuncipha okuncane.
Ukuphindaphinda okukhethiwe kokunaka/i-softmax ku-Megatron-LM ukuze kugcinwe inkumbulo ngokuncipha okuncane Amathimba ngokuvamile athola imiphumela engcono lapho echaza imingcele yekhwalithi ngaphambili, egcina indlela yokukhuphuka yomuntu yamacala asemaphethelweni, futhi alandelele kokubili izinzuzo zokukhiqiza nezindleko zamaphutha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-activation Recomputation Tradeoffs ekusebenzeni
Ukunika amandla ubude bokulandelana okude kubhajethi ye-GPU engaguquki ngokubala kabusha ukwenza kusebenze esikhundleni sokukugcina.
Ukunika amandla ubude bokulandelana okude kubhajethi ye-GPU engaguquki ngokubala kabusha ukwenza kusebenze esikhundleni sokukugcina Amaqembu ngokuvamile athola imiphumela engcono lapho echaza ikhwalithi ephezulu ngaphambili, egcina indlela yokukhuphuka yabantu yamakesi asemaphethelweni, futhi alandelele kokubili izinzuzo zokukhiqiza nezindleko zamaphutha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izingozi & Guardrails
Ukuthuthukisa ibhentshimakhi eyodwa kungafihla ubuthakathaka obubanzi besistimu.
Izindleko zengqalasizinda nezokulungisa zivame ukubukelwa phansi.
Izikhala zokuphepha nokubonakala zingakhula njengoba izinhlelo ziba nzima kakhulu.
Ukuqalisa Umhlahlandlela
Chaza ukubambezeleka, ikhwalithi, nezindleko ezihlosiwe ngaphambi kokuqaliswa.
Chaza ukubambezeleka, ikhwalithi, nezindleko ezihlosiwe ngaphambi kokuqaliswa. Phatha isinyathelo ngasinye njengesango lobufakazi: uma imibandela ingafinyelelwa, misa ukukhishwa, vala igebe, bese unweba ukusetshenziswa.
Ibhentshimakhi ngaphansi komthwalo wangempela nezimo zedatha.
Ibhentshimakhi ngaphansi komthwalo wangempela nezimo zedatha. Phatha isinyathelo ngasinye njengesango lobufakazi: uma imibandela ingafinyelelwa, misa ukukhishwa, vala igebe, bese unweba ukusetshenziswa.
Ukuqapha amathuluzi amaphutha, ukukhukhuleka, nomthelela wabasebenzisi.
Ukuqapha amathuluzi amaphutha, ukukhukhuleka, nomthelela wabasebenzisi. Phatha isinyathelo ngasinye njengesango lobufakazi: uma imibandela ingafinyelelwa, misa ukukhishwa, vala igebe, bese unweba ukusetshenziswa.
Lungiselela izindlela zokuhlehlisa nezigameko ngaphambi kokukala.
Lungiselela izindlela zokuhlehlisa nezigameko ngaphambi kokukala. Phatha isinyathelo ngasinye njengesango lobufakazi: uma imibandela ingafinyelelwa, misa ukukhishwa, vala igebe, bese unweba ukusetshenziswa.