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Ubuncane be-Bayes Risk Decoding
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I-Industries GUIDE
I-AI Ezinkantolo kanye Nokuhlola Ubungozi Bezobulungiswa
Amathuluzi omthetho wokuhlola ubungozi angamamodeli ezibalo alinganisela ukuthi ummangalelwa unethuba elingakanani lokuphuthelwa yinkantolo noma aphinde aboshwe.
Kuleli khasi4 amaminithi afundiwe
Uhlolojikelele
Amajaji asebenzisa amaphuzu ekukhipheni ibheyili, ekugwebeni nasekuthatheni izinqumo ngoshwele. Amathuluzi angenza izinqumo ezingaguquki kakhulu futhi anciphise ukuboshwa okungadingekile, kodwa aphakamisa imibuzo enzima mayelana nokungenzeleli, ukungafihli lutho kanye nenqubo efanele, njengoba impikiswano ngethuluzi le-COMPAS yabonisa.
I-Deep Dive
Ukuhlola ubungozi kwezobulungiswa bobugebengu kudala kunokufunda ngomshini. Amathuluzi amaningi alula: isistimu yamaphuzu noma imodeli yokuhlehla eyakhiwe ngedatha yomlando. Bafaka amaphuzu afana neminyaka, ukugwetshwa kwangaphambili, ukwehluleka ukuvela kwangaphambili kanye namacala alindile. I-Public Safety Assessment (PSA), eyakhiwe ngoxhaso luka-Arnold Ventures, idonsa iminyaka yobudala nomlando wobugebengu ngaphandle kokuxoxisana nommangalelwa. Ikhiqiza amaphuzu ahlukene okwehluleka ukuvela kanye nomsebenzi omusha wobugebengu, kanye nefulegi lesenzo sobugebengu esisha esinodlame. I-COMPAS, ethengiswa i-Northpointe (manje eyi-Equivant), iyithuluzi lobunikazi elisetshenziswa ezinqumweni zangaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala, isigwebo kanye nezilungiso kwezinye izindawo. Isebenzisa futhi izimpendulo zemibuzo. Ngo-2016 i-ProPublica yahlaziya izikolo ze-COMPAS e-Broward County, Florida. Ibike ukuthi abamangalelwa abaNsundu abangazange baphinde bone babe cishe kabili amathuba okuba abamangalelwa abamhlophe babikwe njengengozi ephakeme, nokuthi abamangalelwa abamhlophe abaphinde baphula umthetho ngokuvamile babebizwa ngokuthi ingozi encane. U-Northpointe uphendule ngokuthi amaphuzu abebikezele ngokulinganayo kuwo womabili amaqembu: amaphuzu anikeziwe afane namazinga okuphinda aphinde acasuke kungakhathaliseki uhlanga. Zombili izimangalo zingaba yiqiniso ngesikhathi esisodwa. Abacwaningi abahlanganisa u-Jon Kleinberg kanye no-Alexandra Chouldechova babonise ukuthi uma amanani ayisisekelo ehluka phakathi kwamaqembu, amaphuzu ngokuvamile awakwazi ukulinganiswa futhi abe namazinga alinganayo angelona iqiniso kanye namahle angamanga. Ukukhetha incazelo yokulunga kuyisinqumo senqubomgomo, hhayi esobuchwepheshe. Kukhona okunye okukhathazayo. I-Rearrest imele ukona kabusha, futhi ikhombisa lapho amaphoyisa eqapha khona. Amamodeli obunikazi enza amaphuzu kube nzima ukuwaphonsela inselelo. Amajaji angase ahlehlisele amaphuzu, noma awakhiphe ngokukhetha. Abasekeli baphendula ngokuthi intuition yokwahlulela engasiziwe nayo ichemile futhi ayiguquki. Umbono oyiphutha ojwayelekile ukuthi lawa mathuluzi ayi-AI ethuthukisiwe. Amamodeli amaningi ezibalo asebenzisa izinto ezimbalwa. Iningi lenye i-AI ezinkantolo elokuphatha: ukuhlunga ama-e-filings, ukuloba, ukuhumusha kanye nokuhlela.
I-Strategic Impact
Umongo nemithetho
Umongo womkhakha unquma ukuthi imibono ye-AI iyasinda yini ekuxhumaneni neqiniso.
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi
Imikhawulo yesizinda ithonya izilinganiso zamaphutha ezamukelekayo namamodeli wokugada.
Yakha ukukhetha
Ukuthunyelwa okuphumelelayo kuqondanisa amandla obuchwepheshe nokugeleza komsebenzi okuphambili.
Ikusasa le-AI Ezinkantolo kanye Nokuhlolwa Kwengozi Kwezobulungiswa
Njengoba izinkulumo-mpikiswano zokushintshwa kwebheyili ziqhubeka, iziphathimandla zamukele, zabuyekeza noma zawayeka amathuluzi ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala. Ubufakazi bokuthi amathuluzi anciphisa ukuboshwa ngaphandle kokukhulisa ubugebengu buyaxubile, futhi kuncike kakhulu ekutheni amajaji nezinqubomgomo ziwasebenzisa kanjani amaphuzu. Izikhombisi-ndlela okungenzeka zifaka phakathi izifundo eziningi zokuqinisekisa esidlangalaleni, amamodeli asobala noma omthombo ovulekile, kanye nemikhawulo yokusebenzisa amaphuzu e-algorithmic ekugwebeni. Ku-AI yokukhiqiza, izinkantolo zikhipha umhlahlandlela wamajaji nonobhala abasebenzisa ama-chatbots ukuze babhale futhi bafingqe. Leso siqondiso ngokuvamile sigcizelela ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo futhi kugcina abantu benesibopho ngezinqumo.
Ukuqaliswa Komhlaba Wangempela
Isikhulu sangaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala siqhuba Ukuhlola Ukuphepha Komphakathi, okuthola ukwehluleka ukuvela kanye nezenzo zobugebengu ezintsha ezivela ezintweni ezisuselwe eminyakeni yobudala bommangalelwa kanye nomlando wobugebengu. Iphoyisa linikeza ijaji umbiko ngaphambi kokulalelwa kwesicelo sebheyili okokuqala.
Ku-State v. Loomis (2016), iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-Wisconsin yavumela ijaji elikhipha isigwebo ukuthi licabangele amaphuzu e-COMPAS. Idinga izexwayiso ezibhaliwe mayelana nemikhawulo yethuluzi futhi yathi amaphuzu awakwazi ukuba yisici esinqumayo.
Inkantolo yesifunda isebenzisa isofthiwe ukuhlunga ama-e-filing angenayo ngohlobo lwamacala futhi ihlabe umkhosi lawo angaphelele. Iphinde ithumele izikhumbuzi zombhalo ezizenzakalelayo mayelana nezinsuku zokuzwa, izifundo ezixhume ukubonakala okugejiwe okumbalwa.
I-ejensi yesifundazwe yangaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala iqinisekisa kabusha ithuluzi layo lengcuphe kudatha yendawo futhi ithola ukuthi ukunqanyulwa kwayo 'kwengozi enkulu' kumaka abantu abaningi kunalokho okuhlosiwe. I-ejensi ilungisa umkhawulo ngokubuyekezwa kwenqubomgomo yomphakathi.
Izingozi & Guardrails
Izidingo zokulawula zingenza ama-prototypes aqine ngenye indlela.
Idatha yomlando ingase ihlanganise ukuchema okulimaza imiphakathi ethile.
Izinhlelo zefa zingakha izithiyo zokuhlanganisa kanye nezindleko ezifihliwe.
Ukuqalisa Umhlahlandlela
Bandakanya ochwepheshe besizinda kusukela ekufakeni inkinga kuye ekuhlolweni.
Dizayina izindlela zokuhlola kanye nemibhalo ngaphambi kokwethulwa.
Qinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho nokuphepha kusenesikhathi.
Khipha ngezigaba ngemibandela yokumisa ecacile neyokubuyisela emuva.
Qhubeka Uhlole
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Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Iyini i-AI Ezinkantolo kanye Nokuhlola Ubungozi Bezobulungiswa?
Amathuluzi omthetho wokuhlola ubungozi angamamodeli ezibalo alinganisela ukuthi ummangalelwa unethuba elingakanani lokuphuthelwa yinkantolo noma aphinde aboshwe. Amajaji asebenzisa amaphuzu ekukhipheni ibheyili, ekugwebeni nasekuthatheni izinqumo ngoshwele. Amathuluzi angenza izinqumo ezingaguquki kakhulu futhi anciphise ukuboshwa okungadingekile, kodwa aphakamisa imibuzo enzima mayelana nokungenzeleli, ukungafihli lutho kanye nenqubo efanele, njengoba impikiswano ngethuluzi le-COMPAS yabonisa.
Ngabe iPublic Safety Assessment (PSA) ikhiqiza ini?
I-PSA isebenzisa izici ezisuselwe eminyakeni yobudala kanye nomlando wobugebengu, ngaphandle kwenhlolokhono, ukukhiqiza amaphuzu ahlukene ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala. Ilinganisela ubungozi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Ayisho lutho ngecala.
Ithini ukuhlaziywa kwe-ProPublica ka-2016 kwe-COMPAS ku-Broward County?
I-ProPublica igxile kokuphozithiyo okungamanga: abantu abaphawule ngengcuphe ephezulu abangazange baqhubeke nokucasuka. Lelo zinga lephutha laliphezulu kakhulu kubamangalelwa Abamnyama.
I-Northpointe yasabela kanjani kokutholwe yi-ProPublica?
I-Northpointe ivikele ithuluzi njengelilinganiselwe. Amaphuzu afanayo asho cishe ingozi efanayo eqenjini ngalinye. Lena incazelo ehlukile yokulunga kusukela kumazinga amaphutha alinganayo.
Kungani amaphuzu engcuphe ngokuvamile angenakulinganiswa futhi abe namazinga alinganayo angelona iqiniso namanga amanga emaqenjini wonke ngesikhathi esisodwa?
Ucwaningo olwenziwa u-Kleinberg, u-Chouldechova nabanye lubonise ukuthi uma amanani ayisisekelo ehluka, le mibandela yobulungisa iyangqubuzana ngaphandle kwamacala amancane. Ngakho ukukhetha ukuthi iyiphi ozoyibeka phambili kuyisinqumo senqubomgomo.
INkantolo Ephakeme yase-Wisconsin yanqumani ku-State v. Loomis (2016)?
Inkantolo ivumele ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe ngezixwayiso, ukulinganisa ithuluzi elingaba usizo ngokumelene nokukhathazeka okufanele mayelana nemodeli yokuphathelene.
Qhubeka ufunda
Iziqondiso ezihlobene
Imihlahlandlela eyengeziwe yalesi sihloko