I-AI ku-Ophthalmology
I-Ophthalmology ingenye yezindaba ezinkulu ze-AI zempumelelo yezokwelapha ngoba iso linothile ngezithombe futhi kulula ukulithwebula.
Uhlolojikelele
AI can now screen for blinding diseases like diabetic retinopathy directly from retinal photos, sometimes without a specialist in the loop.
I-Deep Dive
I-retina ingathwetshulwa ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kokuhlasela, ikhiqize ngqo uhlobo lwezithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu ukufunda okujulile okuphumelela kuzo. Ngo-2018 i-FDA yasula i-IDx-DR, umshini wokuqala ozimele we-AI wokuxilonga, ofunda izithombe ze-fundus ezinemibala bese utshela umtholampilo wokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo ukuthi isiguli esinesifo sikashukela kufanele sibonane nodokotela wamehlo, kungekho chwepheshe otolika isithombe. Ucwaningo lwe-JAMA luka-Google lwango-2016 luqeqeshe imodeli ukuthola i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela ekuzweleni nasekucacisweni kwezinga lochwepheshe. Ngaphandle kwesifo samehlo esinesifo sikashukela, i-AI ihlaba umkhosi ngenxa yokuwohloka kwe-macular okuhlobene neminyaka, i-glaucoma evela ezithombeni ze-optic-nerve, kanye ne-retinopathy ye-prematurity. I-DeepMind isebenze ne-Moorfields Eye Hospital ukuhlola izimo ze-retinal ezingaphezu kuka-50 kusuka kumaskeni we-OCT, ukufanisa ochwepheshe abahamba phambili emhlabeni futhi incoma ukudluliselwa okuphuthumayo.
I-Technical Insight
Amasistimu amaningi asebenzisa amanethiwekhi e-convolutional neural aqeqeshwe emashumini ezinkulungwane kuya ezigidini zezithombe ze-fundus ezinelebula noma amavolumu e-optical coherence tomography (OCT). I-OCT empeleni i-optical ultrasound ekhiqiza izingxenye eziphambanayo ze-micron-resolution zezendlalelo ze-retina, ezilungele ukubona uketshezi kanye nokuncipha. Ukuthola okuphawulekayo: amanethiwekhi angabonisa izici odokotela abangakwazi ukuzifunda ngeso, njengeminyaka yesiguli, ubulili, isimo sokubhema, nobungozi benhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, kusukela esithombeni se-retina kuphela, okubonisa ukuthi i-retina iyifasitela lempilo yomzimba wonke.
I-Strategic Impact
Context and rules
Umongo womkhakha unquma ukuthi imibono ye-AI iyasinda yini ekuxhumaneni neqiniso.
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi
Imikhawulo yesizinda ithonya izilinganiso zamaphutha ezamukelekayo namamodeli wokugada.
Yakha ukukhetha
Ukuthunyelwa okuphumelelayo kuqondanisa amandla obuchwepheshe nokugeleza komsebenzi okuphambili.
Ikusasa le-AI ku-Ophthalmology
Ukuhlolwa kwe-retina okuzenzakalelayo kuzosakazeka kumakhemisi, amahhovisi okunakekelwa okuyisisekelo, nasezifundeni ezingenazinsiza ezincane lapho ochwepheshe bamehlo beyindlala khona, bathole izifo ngaphambi kokuba bangaboni. I-'Oculomics', ukusebenzisa i-retina ukubikezela isifo senhliziyo, isifo sezinso, ngisho nobungozi be-Alzheimer's, kuwumngcele osebenzayo. Amakhamera e-fundus asekelwe kuma-smartphone abhangqwe ne-AI angaletha ukuhlolwa emhlabeni osathuthuka. Lindela ukuhlanganiswa okuqinile namarekhodi e-elekthronikhi kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo kwezimo zamehlo ezingapheli.
Ukuqaliswa Komhlaba Wangempela
I-IDx-DR (manje eyi-LumineticsCore) ihlola ngokuzenzakalelayo abanesifo sikashukela ukuze bathole i-retinopathy emitholampilo yokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo ngaphandle kochwepheshe bamehlo ofunda isithombe.
I-DeepMind ne-Moorfields bakhe uhlelo oluhlola izifo ze-retina ezingu-50-plus kusuka kumaskeni we-OCT futhi incoma ukudluliselwa okuphuthumayo ezingeni lochwepheshe.
Amathuluzi e-AI asiza ukuhlolelwa i-retinopathy ye-prematurity ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, imbangela ehamba phambili yobumpumputhe bezingane okunzima ukukukala njalo.
Amamodeli ocwaningo alinganisela ubungozi benhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kanye neminyaka yezinto eziphilayo kusukela esithombeni esisodwa se-retina, inkambu esafufusa ebizwa ngokuthi i-oculomics.
Izingozi & Guardrails
Izidingo zokulawula zingenza ama-prototypes aqine ngenye indlela.
Idatha yomlando ingase ihlanganise ukuchema okulimaza imiphakathi ethile.
Izinhlelo zefa zingakha izithiyo zokuhlanganisa kanye nezindleko ezifihliwe.
Ukuqalisa Umhlahlandlela
Bandakanya ochwepheshe besizinda kusukela ekufakeni inkinga kuye ekuhlolweni.
Dizayina izindlela zokuhlola kanye nemibhalo ngaphambi kokwethulwa.
Qinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho nokuphepha kusenesikhathi.
Khipha ngezigaba ngemibandela yokumisa ecacile neyokubuyisela emuva.
Qhubeka Uhlole
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Umhlahlandlela olandelayo
I-AI Ekuphathweni Kwamanzi
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
What is AI in Ophthalmology?
I-Ophthalmology ingenye yezindaba ezinkulu ze-AI zempumelelo yezokwelapha ngoba iso linothile ngezithombe futhi kulula ukulithwebula. I-AI manje ingakwazi ukuhlola izifo eziphuphuthekisayo njenge-diabetes retinopathy ngokuqondile ezithombeni ze-retina, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle kochwepheshe ku-loop.
Kungani i-ophthalmology ifaneleka kakhulu ekufundeni okujulile?
Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-retinal kanye ne-OCT kukhiqiza izithombe eziningi, zekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphandle kokuhlasela, ncamashi uhlobo lwedatha yokubuka esezingeni lapho amamodeli okufunda ajulile enza kahle kakhulu.
Yini eyayiphawuleka nge-IDx-DR ngenkathi i-FDA iyisula ngo-2018?
I-IDx-DR ibe wukuxilongwa kokuqala kwe-AI okuzimele okusulwe yi-FDA: ihlaziya izithombe ze-fundus bese ikhipha isincomo sokudluliselwa kwe-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela kungekho dokotela otolika isithombe.
Iyini i-OCT, indlela yokucabanga ephakathi kwamathuluzi amaningi e-retinal AI?
I-Optical coherence tomography isebenza njenge-optical ultrasound, ikhiqiza izithombe ezinemininingwane ezihlukene zezendlalelo ze-retina eziveza uketshezi, ukuvuvukala, nokuzaca okungabonakali esithombeni esiyisicaba.
Yimaphi amandla amangalisayo abacwaningi abawatholile lapho beqeqesha amanethiwekhi ezithombeni ze-retina?
Google abacwaningi babonise ukuthi imodeli ingabikezela ubudala besiguli, ubulili, isimo sokubhema, nobungozi benhliziyo ngesithombe se-retina kuphela, okuveza izimpawu zezempilo ezihlelekile abantu abangakwazi ukufunda ngokuqondile.
Ngabe umkhakha osafufusa we-'oculomics' uhlose ukwenzani?
I-Oculomics iphatha i-retina njengefasitela lempilo yomzimba wonke, isebenzisa izithombe ze-retina kanye ne-AI ukulinganisa ingozi yezifo zenhliziyo, izinso, ne-neurodegenerative.