Kwenzekeni
Ithimba labacwaningi uCarnegie Mellon, MIT, kanye noCornell bathumele izifundo ezimbili ezingahleliwe ngo-Agasti 6 zihlola ukuthi izingxoxo ezimfushane ze-AI zingaphikisa yini izinkolelo zozungu kuyilapho amaqiniso ngezenzakalo ezinkulu esavela.
Abacwaningi bahlaziye abantu abadala baseMelika abangama-472 abazwakalise imibono yetulo ngemuva komzamo wangoJulayi 2024 wokubulala uDonald Trump kanye nabangu-1,035 ngemuva kokubulawa kukaCharlie Kirk ngoSepthemba 2025. Abahlanganyeli babelwa ngokungahleliwe kungxoxo eyenzelwe wena, ingxoxo ye-AI engahlobene, noma uhlu olumile lwamaqiniso akhona ngaleso sikhathi.
Amaqembu ezingxoxo aqedele okungenani ukushintshana okuhlanu ne-Gemini 1.5 Pro ocwaningweni lokuqala kanye ne-Gemini 2.5 Pro kolwesibili. Womabili amamodeli athole isisekelo seqiniso esikhethiwe esihlukanisa ulwazi oluqinisekisiwe, izimangalo ezihlanekezelwe, nemibuzo engaxazululiwe; imodeli yesibili ingasesha iwebhu kuphela ukuze iqinisekise ulwazi oluyiqiniso.
Esilinganisweni senkolelo esukela ku-0 kuye ku-100 kuthiyori ngayinye eshiwo ngokwakhe, izingxoxo ezihlanganisiwe zikhiqize ukuncishiswa kwamaphoyinti angu-6.95 ngokuhlobene nokulawula ingxoxo engahlobene ekuhlolweni kokuqala kanye namaphoyinti angu-7.56 kowesibili. Umehluko ephepheni lamaqiniso elimile ubungamaphoyinti angu-5.60 nangu-6.56. Iphepha libika imiphumela emisiwe elinganiselwa ku-0.32 kuye ku-0.38 yalezo ziqhathaniso.
Lezi zibonelo ezimbili zezifundo zaklanywa ngezikhathi lapho irekhodi eliyiqiniso lisathuthukiswa. Esokuqala salandela umzamo kaJulayi 2024 wokubulala uDonald Trump; okwesibili kwalandela ukubulawa kukaCharlie Kirk ngoSepthemba 2025. Ababambiqhaza bahlolelwa izincazelo eziwuzungu noma ezingaqinisekile, base babelwa engxoxweni ekhuluma ngethiyori yabo eshiwo, ingxoxo ye-AI engahlobene, noma ishidi lamaqiniso elimile. Ucwaningo lwesibili lwalubhaliswe ngaphambili, kanti olokuqala lwalungabhaliswanga ngaphambili, ngakho ukuphindaphinda kunolwazi kodwa akulingani nokuhlola okubili kokuqinisekisa okuzimele.
Imininingwane yomthombo: Costello and colleagues' research paper on arXiv ↗
Kungani kubalulekile
Umphumela usikisela ukuthi isimiso sezingxoxo singenza okungaphezu kokuphinda ukulungisa: singavumelanisa amaqiniso, imibuzo, nokungaqiniseki nesizathu esiqondile umuntu asinikezayo ngenkolelo.
Lowo mehluko uwusizo ezenzakalweni ezisheshayo, lapho ubufakazi obuqinisekisiwe bungaphelele futhi iphepha lamaqiniso elijwayelekile lingase lingasiphenduli isimangalo umuntu akuthola kukholisa. Ukuhlaziywa kwamasu ephepha kwathola ukuthi imodeli incike kakhulu emithonjeni ethembekile, imibuzo evulekile, kanye nesixwayiso lapho kwakwaziwa okuncane, yabe isisebenzisa ubufakazi obuqondile obengeziwe lapho umcimbi wesibili unomlando omkhulu wamaqiniso.
Ababhali baphinde babike ubufakazi obulinganiselwe bokuchitheka kwakamuva. Ezinyangeni ezimbili ngemva kokuhlolwa kokuqala, ababambiqhaza ababelwe kwingxoxo babe mancane amathuba okuba nezilawuli ezihlanganisiwe ukuze bagunyaze ukuhunyushwa okubili kozungu komcimbi olandelayo. Ekulandeleni kwesibili, isabelo sokwelashwa okuqondile asizange sinciphise kakhulu izinkolelo mayelana nokudutshulwa kamuva, nakuba ukuhlaziya okuhlukile kokuphikelela okubhaliswe kusengaphambili kanye nesilinganiso esibanzi sokwakha uzungu saphakamisa imiphumela emincane yokudlulisa.
Idizayini ibonisa ukuthi kungani ukusebenzelana kungase kudlule ukulungiswa okumile ngaphandle kokufakazela ukuthi ukuncenga kuhlala kufiseleka. I-Gemini 1.5 Pro ocwaningweni lokuqala kanye ne-Gemini 2.5 Pro kolwesibili ithole amaqiniso akhethwe umcwaningi ahlukanisa ulwazi oluqinisekisiwe, izimangalo ezihlanekezelwe, nemibuzo engaxazululiwe. Imodeli ingabuza mayelana nokucabanga okuqondile komhlanganyeli bese ikhetha ukuthi iphendule ngokuqondile, isho ubufakazi obuphathekayo, noma igcine ukungaqiniseki. Lokho kuzivumelanisa nezimo kuwusizo kwezemfundo, kodwa futhi kunikeza isistimu ukukhetha kokuthi yiziphi izimangalo eziphonselwa inselelo nokuthi imiphi imithombo okufanele iqale.
Ucwaningo aluthetheleli ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthunyelwa kwama-bot athonyayo ezingxoxweni zomphakathi. Uhlelo oluyalelwe ukushintsha izinkolelo lunamandla angajwayelekile, futhi ababhali baphawula ukuthi amasu afanayo nawo angakhulisa ukukholelwa ezimangalweni ezingamanga. Noma iyiphi isevisi yangempela izodinga ubunikazi obusobala, isisekelo somcimbi esithembekile, izivikelo ekuqondisweni kwezombusazwe, nokuhlolwa okuzimele kokunemba nemiphumela engahlosiwe.
I-Interactive Mechanism: Indlela Esebenza Ngayo Ngempela
Hlola ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo ngemuva kwalokhu kuthuthukiswa ngokuhlanganyela.
Impossibility results in algorithmic fairness (e.g. Kleinberg et al., Chouldechova) show what?
Ongakubuka ngokulandelayo
Buka ukubuyekezwa kontanga, ukuphindaphinda okungaphezu kwezingxabano ezimbili zezombusazwe zase-US, nobufakazi bendawo obubonisa ukuthi ingabe abantu bakhetha ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elinjalo ngaphandle kokubuthelwa ocwaningweni.
Lesi isiqephu esisha esakhiwe cishe ngamacala amabili ezifundo. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala akuzange kubhaliswe ngaphambili, okwesibili kwaba, futhi kokubili kukalwe izinkolelo zokuzibika ngokushesha ngemva kokusebenzelana okufushane ku-inthanethi kunokuziphatha kokwabelana komhlaba wangempela, ukuvota, noma ukwethembana kwesikhathi eside.
Amasampuli ahlaziywe afaka kuphela ababambiqhaza abampendulo yabo evulekile yafakwa kusigaba njengezozungu noma ezingaqinisekile nge-GPT-4o, nakuba ababhali babika amaphethini afanayo ngaphansi kwemithetho yokuhlukaniswa kweminye. Zombili izifundo ziqashe abantu abadala base-US nge-CloudResearch, ngakho-ke okutholiwe kungase kungadluliseli kwamanye amazwe, izilimi, imicimbi, noma inani labantu.
Amamodeli abengancikile olwazini olungasikiwe: abacwaningi banikeze izisekelo zamaqiniso eziqoqwe ngokucophelela nemiyalo ecacile yokukholisa. Umsebenzi wesikhathi esizayo kufanele uhlole ukuthi ubani ogcina lawo maqiniso ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomnqamulajuqu, ukuthi amaphutha alungiswa kanjani, ukuthi imibono ephikisayo iphathwa ngendlela efanayo yini, nalapho uhlelo kufanele lugcine ukungaqiniseki esikhundleni sokuzama ukuncenga.
Kukhona futhi umehluko wokulinganisa phakathi kokushintsha inkolelo eshiwo nokuthuthukisa ukuqonda komuntu. Imiphumela yaba izilinganiso ezibikwe wena ngokwakho eziqoqwe ngemva kwezingxoxo ezimfushane ze-inthanethi, ezingabonwanga ukuziphatha kokwabelana, ukuhlola imithombo, ukuvota, noma izinqumo ezenziwe ngesikhathi senhlekelele ebukhoma. Ukulandelelwa kwephepha kunikeza ubufakazi bokuqala mayelana nokuphikelela, kodwa imiphumela exubile isho ukuthi ucwaningo lwakamuva kufanele lubhalise kusengaphambili imiphumela yesikhathi eside, lulandelele ukuncipha, futhi luhlole ukuthi ababambiqhaza bangakwazi yini ukuchaza ubufakazi ngokwabo kunokumane baphinde isiphetho semodeli.
Ukuphindaphinda kufanele kuhluke umthombo werekhodi eliyiqiniso kanye nenani labantu. Lokhu kuhlola kuhlinzeke ngesisekelo samaqiniso abacwaningi futhi kwaqasha abantu abadala base-US nge-CloudResearch, okwenza ukusetha kulawulwe ngendlela engavamile kodwa kushiye imibuzo evulekile mayelana nemicimbi yezilimi eziningi, izilungiselelo zokuxhumeka okuphansi, nezingqinamba lapho ulwazi olusemthethweni lubambezeleka noma kuphikiswana khona. Ukuhlolwa kwenkundla okunesibopho kuzokwenza ubunikazi bemodeli bubonakale, kuvumela ababambiqhaza benqabe ukungenelela, ilogi ebonisa ubufakazi, futhi kusetshenziswe abahluleli abazimele ukuhlola ukuthi ingabe inkhulumomphendvulwano ilungise umbono oyiphutha ngaphandle kokwethula omusha. Kufanele ilinganise ukwethembana, ukusabela kwemizwa, kanye nokuzimisela ukwabelana ngezimangalo ngokuhambisana nezinkolelo.