Kwenzekeni
Abacwaningi base-Bocconi University, abasebenza ne-OpenAI Economic Research, banikeze ngokungahleliwe abafundi bonyaka wokuqala abangaphezu kwe-1,000 ukuthi bathole ukufinyelela kwe-ChatGPT, ukuqeqeshwa kwesizathu, kokubili, noma okunye. Abafundi baqedele icala lokumaketha lesitolo sempahla sasenyuvesi. Ngokomthombo, ukufinyelela kwe-ChatGPT kukhuphule amaphuzu erubrikhi cishe ngephuzu elilodwa esikalini samaphuzu amahlanu, kuyilapho ukuqeqeshwa okucabangelayo kukhuphule ukuhlukahluka kombono nokusuka.
I-akhawunti ye-OpenAI, yomhla zingama-27 ku-Agasti, 2026, ichaza ukuhlola okungahleliwe okwenziwa abacwaningi base-Bocconi University ngokubambisana ne-OpenAI Economic Research. Abafundi abangaphezu kuka-1,000 bonyaka wokuqala abathola iziqu basebenze ecaleni lebhizinisi lomhlaba wangempela elibandakanya izincomo zokumaketha zesitolo sempahla sika-Bocconi. Abafundi babelwa ngesikhathi sekilasi kwelinye lamaqembu amane: ukufinyelela ku-ChatGPT kusetshenziswa i-GPT-4o, ukuqeqeshwa ekucabangeni okuyimbangela, kokubili ukungenelela, noma okunye. Umthombo wethula idizayini njengendlela yokuhlukanisa imiphumela yokufinyelela kwe-ChatGPT, iziyalezo zokucabangisisa, kanye nenhlanganisela yakho.
Iziphakamiso zabafundi zahlolwa abafundi bebanga labantu abaqeqeshiwe besebenzisa irubrikhi enamaphuzu amahlanu. Irubrikhi yalinganisa ukuthi izincomo zizisingathe kahle kanjani izinjongo ezimbili zokuthengisa ezishiwo: ukwandisa ukuqwashisa nokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwesitolo senyuvesi. Umthombo uthi abafundi abanokufinyelela kwe-ChatGPT bathole cishe iphuzu elilodwa phezulu kuleso sikali. Ukuhlaziywa kombhalo okuzenzakalelayo kuphinde kwathola ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwabo kuqukethe imibono eyengeziwe, kulandele ukucabanga okucacile, futhi kufana kakhulu nezincomo ezibhalwe ngochwepheshe abathathu. Umthombo uveza lokhu njengokusiza abafundi abangenalwazi olutheni ukuthi bakhiqize umsebenzi obonakala usezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukungenelela kwesizathu kube nomphumela olinganisiwe ohlukile. Umsebenzi wawungahlobene ne-AI futhi wafundisa imiqondo ngomdlalo, izibonelo, imibuzo, kanye nempendulo. Abafundi abaphothule bachaza ngokucace kakhudlwana ukuthi kungani iziphakamiso zabo zingase zisebenze nokuthi zingase zehlule nini, kodwa abazange bathole amaphuzu aphezulu kurubhrikhi eyinhloko yocwaningo. Ukuhlaziya okuzenzakalelayo kuthole ukuthi imibono yabo ihlanganisa ububanzi obubanzi futhi ihluke kakhulu kuleyo ekhiqizwe ontanga. Abafundi abathole kokubili ukungenelela babonise inhlanganisela yemiphumela kuzo zonke izinyathelo zocwaningo, okuhlanganisa ukuhambisana okunengqondo okuqinile, imibono eyengeziwe, nobufakazi obengeziwe bokuqagela okubuza imibuzo. Umthombo awusho ubude besikhathi sokuhlolwa, imiphumela yezibalo enemininingwane, izibalo zabantu ababambiqhaza, noma ukuthi abafundi bayisebenzise kanjani i-ChatGPT phakathi nomsebenzi ozokwenziwa.
Imininingwane yomthombo: openai.com ↗
Kungani kubalulekile
Ukuhlolwa kuphakamisa ukuthi umsebenzi osizwa nge-AI ophucuziwe kanye nokucabanga okuzimele akuyona imiphumela eshintshashintshayo. I-ChatGPT ifinyelela ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe esilinganisweni sohlelo sokugreda esivamile, kuyilapho ukuqeqeshwa kwesizathu kusize abafundi ukuba bakhiqize imibono ehluke kakhulu futhi bachaze ukuthi izincomo zingaphumelela nini noma zehlule nini. Okutholakele kuphinde kubuze ukuthi ukugreda kuphela izimpendulo zokugcina kungakhombisa lokho abafundi abakuqondayo.
Okubalulekile ukuthi impendulo yokugcina yezinga eliphezulu ingase ibonise okungaphezu kolwazi lwesifundo. Kulesi sivivinyo, ukufinyelela kwe-ChatGPT kuthuthukise izici ezivuzwe irubrikhi evamile: ukuhambisana, ukubalwa kwemibono, ukufana nezincomo zochwepheshe, nokusebenza ngokumelene nemigomo yokuthengisa ecacisiwe. Lokho kungenza umsebenzi osizwa yi-AI ubukeke unamandla ngisho nalapho ukuhlola kungavezi ukuthi kungakanani ukucabanga okuqhamuke ebuchwephesheni bangaphambili bomfundi. Umthombo uthi abafundi bekusamele banqume ukuthi yini okufanele bayibuze i-ChatGPT, bahlole izimpendulo zayo, bese bekhetha izinto abazozithumela, kodwa akubali inani laleyo misebenzi.
Ucwaningo luphinde lwehlukanise okwangempela nokupholisha. Ukuqeqeshwa kwesizathu akuzange kwenyuse amaphuzu kurubrikhi yokumaketha eshiwo, nokho kuhlotshaniswa nesethi yemibono ebanzi nehluke kakhulu kanye nezincazelo ezicacile zempumelelo noma ukwehluleka okungenzeka. Lowo mphumela ubalulekile kothisha ngoba umsebenzi ozokwenziwa ungaklomelisa ngempendulo evamile eyakhiwe kahle kuyilapho uphuthelwa ukuthi umfundi ucabangele izindlela eziningi noma uveze umbono ontanga abangawenzanga. Okutholiwe kwethulwa njengobufakazi bokuthi ukucabanga okujulile kungase kuthinte ubukhulu bokusebenza ukuhlelwa okujwayelekile okungenzeka kungazibambi.
Iqembu elihlanganisiwe libonise ukuthi kungani umthombo uchaza ukungenelela njengokuhambisanayo kunokuthi ezinye izindlela. Abafundi abathole kokubili babonise izinhlobonhlobo zemibono ebanzi ehlotshaniswa nomsebenzi kanye nokusebenza okuqinile kwerubrikhi nokubalwa kwemibono ehlobene nokufinyelela kwe-ChatGPT. Umthombo ubika ukuthi leli qembu liphinde labonisa ukuhambisana okunengqondo okuqinile kanye nobufakazi obengeziwe bokubheka izincazelo kanye nokucabangela okunemibuzo. Lokhu okutholakele kungazisa idizayini yokuhlola, kodwa akuqinisekisi ukuthi i-ChatGPT ithuthukisa ukufunda kuzo zonke izimo noma ukuthi imiyalelo eyimbangela ihlala ikhulisa okwangempela. Ukuhlolwa kukalwe emsebenzini webhizinisi elilodwa, hhayi ukufunda kwesikhathi eside, ukugcinwa, noma ukusebenza okuzimele ngaphandle kwe-AI.
I-Interactive Mechanism: Indlela Esebenza Ngayo Ngempela
Hlola ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo ngemuva kwalokhu kuthuthukiswa ngokuhlanganyela.
What is a common training objective for an autoregressive language model?
Ongakubuka ngokulandelayo
Iziphetho zocwaningo zidinga ukuhunyushwa ngokwesimo sazo: abafundi bonyaka wokuqala enyuvesi eyodwa abaphothula icala lebhizinisi elilodwa, banikezwe amaqembu ahlelwe ngesikhathi sekilasi. Umthombo awunikezi ngezindlela ezigcwele zephepha, izibalo zabantu ababambe iqhaza, ubude besikhathi sokuqeqeshwa, amarekhodi okusebenzisa ChatGPT, noma ubufakazi obuvela kwezinye izifundo. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe kufanele luhlole ukuthi ingabe iphethini ibamba yonke imikhakha nokuthi ukuhlola okuklanywe kabusha kungakwazi yini ukukala ukucabanga nokwangempela ngokuqondile.
Umbuzo obalulekile ukuthi ingabe iphethini efanayo ivela ngaphandle kwecala lokumaketha kwempahla yasenyuvesi. Umthombo awunikezi imiphumela yezibalo, isayensi, ukubhala, ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe, noma ezinye izinhlobo zemisebenzi. Abacwaningi nothisha bazodinga ukuhlolwa okufanayo kuzo zonke izifundo, amaqembu eminyaka yobudala, izikhungo, namazinga obuchwepheshe bangaphambili ngaphambi kokuphatha okutholiwe njengokungenziwa okuvamile. Akwaziwa futhi ukuthi izinzuzo ezishiwo ku-ChatGPT zincike ku-GPT-4o ngokuqondile, endleleni abafundi abayalelwe ngayo ukuyisebenzisa, noma esakhiweni somsebenzi.
Izinguquko zokuhlola zingolunye udaba olungokoqobo. Uma abafundi bengathumela izimpendulo ezipholishiwe, ezinjengochwepheshe ngosizo lwe-AI, othisha bangase babeke isisindo esiningi kokusalungiswa, izincazelo zomlomo, ukuhlolwa komthombo, amarekhodi okucabanga, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zamanoveli. Lezo zindlela zingenza ukuqonda komfundi kubonakale kakhudlwana, kodwa umthombo awuhloli noma yikuphi ukuhlola okuklanywe kabusha. Futhi ayibiki ukuthi umsebenzi wokugcina wabafundi uqukethe amaphutha eqiniso, noma ngabe abafundi bebanga bebazi ukuthi yibaphi abafundi abanokufinyelela kwe-ChatGPT, noma ukuthi izinyathelo ezizenzakalelayo zoqobo zaqinisekiswa kanjani ngokumelene nezahlulelo zabantu.
Uhlaka lwesabelo socwaningo ludinga ukunakwa ekubikeni okuzayo nasekuphindaphindeni. Abafundi babelwa ngezikhathi zekilasi ngokungahleliwe, futhi umthombo awuchazi ukuthi mangaki amakilasi ahililekile, ukuthi amaqembu alinganisela kanjani, noma ukuthi izimo zekilasi bezihlukene yini. Umthombo uphinde ushiye obala ukuthi singakanani isikhathi abafundi abasichithe ne-ChatGPT, yiziphi izixwayiso abazisebenzisile, nokuthi bawuqedele kanjani umsebenzi ngokuzimela. Ucwaningo lokulandelela lungahlola imiphumela yesikhathi eside, ukusebenza emisebenzini engasizwanga, kanye nokuthi ukuqeqesha abafundi ukungabaza imiphumela ye-AI kuyalishintsha yini ikhwalithi nomsebenzi wabo. Kuze kube yilapho leyo mibuzo iphendulwa, imiphumela isekela isiphetho esiqondisiwe: kulokhu kuhlolwa, usizo lwe-AI kanye nomyalelo wokubonisana nesizathu kuthuthukise izici ezihlukene zomsebenzi owodwa womfundi.