Kwenzekeni
Umlandeli u-Yang no-Matt Thomson bethule isigaba sokutolika idatha sokusebenzisa amamodeli ezilimi ezinkulu ukuze bathole izibalo ezihlukene ezisuka kuzinkambu ze-spatiotemporal. Indlela inikeza imodeli yolimi enezishintshashintshayo ezibonakalayo namanye amanani i-theorist engawahlola, kunokuncika kuphela kumphumela okala ukuthi izibalo ezihlongozwayo zingena kahle kangakanani idatha eluhlaza. Kubhentshimakhi yenkambu elingisiwe yababhali, lokhu kuvezwa kucishe kuphindwe kathathu ukunemba kokubuyisa isibalo ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe kwemodeli.
Umthombo uyiphrinta enamakhasi ayisithupha ethi arXiv ethunyelwe ngo-Aug. 25, 2026, nguFan Yang no-Matt Thomson. Ibhekana nokusetshenziswa kwamamodeli olimi amakhulu ekutholweni kwezibalo ezihlukene ngokwengxenye, umsebenzi ohlanganisa izibalo ezichaza ukuthi amanani ashintsha kanjani endaweni kanye nesikhathi. Ababhali babeka inkinga mayelana nokusebenzisana kwamangqamuzana kanye nokuziphatha kwe-macroscopic: ukuhlolwa kwesimanje kungaveza idatha eningi kunokugeleza komsebenzi okwakha ithiyori okuvamile okungatolika kalula, kuyilapho inkambu ye-spatiotemporal ayikwazi ukumane ifakwe ekwazisweni kombhalo ngendlela yayo eluhlaza.
Ukungenelela okuhlongozwayo kwephepha kubizwa ngokuthi “ukuhumusha idatha.” Esikhundleni sokwethula imodeli yolimi ngomkhakha ongakacutshungulwa, isiteji sokuhumusha sikala umkhakha bese sikhipha amanani i-theorist angabonisana nayo. I-abstract ichaza lokhu njengokungaguquki ngokomzimba futhi ithi kunikezwa kumodeli njengokufakiwe okuqondile. Ababhali baqhathanisa lokhu nezindlela ezikhona lapho imodeli ifunda khona ngedatha ngokungaqondile ngokusebenzisa amaphuzu abonisa ukuthi isibalo ngasinye esihlongozwayo sifana kahle kangakanani nokubonwayo.
Kubhentshimakhi eyenziwe ngezinkambu ezilingisiwe, ababhali babika ukuthi ukuhumusha kucishe kwaphinda kathathu ukunemba kwezibalo ezitholiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nokubonisa imodeli yedatha eluhlaza. Baphinde bathi ukuthuthukiswa kweza ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa futhi ngezindleko eziphansi zokubala. Lezo izimangalo ezenziwe yi-preprint; umthombo onikeziwe awuwanikezi amanani okunemba okuyiwonawona, ubunikazi noma ukucushwa kwemodeli yolimi, inombolo yebhentshimakhi yezimo, noma imigqa eyisisekelo esetshenziswe ekuqhathaniseni.
Ngakho-ke umphumela uyisimangalo mayelana nesu lokumelela, hhayi imodeli entsha yolimi lwenhloso evamile. Umthombo awusho ukuthi isistimu yahlolwa ezilinganisweni zaselabhorethri ebukhoma, yasetshenziswa ekugelezeni komsebenzi kokuhlola, noma yasetshenziselwa ukuthola umthetho wemvelo owawungaziwa ngaphambilini. Yethula indlela yokufundisa njengomzila ongase ube khona oya ekwakhiweni kwethiyori yenkundla ezenzakalelayo engathuthuka ngokuhambisana nokuhlola, kodwa ubufakazi obunikezwe lapha bukhawulelwe kubhentshimakhi yenkambu elingisiwe ebikiwe.
Imininingwane yomthombo: arxiv.org ↗
Kungani kubalulekile
Umsebenzi ukhomba umkhawulo osebenzayo ekusebenziseni amamodeli olimi ekutholweni kwesayensi: ifomethi yokokufaka ingabaluleka ngendlela efanayo nekhono lemodeli lokukhiqiza amathiyori ekhandidethi. Uma umphumela ubambelela ngale kwezilingiso ezibikiwe, ukuhumusha izilinganiso zokuhlola zibe izifinyezo ezizwakalayo kungenza ukwakhiwa kwethiyori yesizwa imodeli yolimi isebenziseke kakhulu ngaphandle kokudinga imodeli enkulu noma esanda kuqeqeshwa.
Iphepha ligxilisa ukunaka engxenyeni engabongwa kancane yesayensi esizwa yi-AI: inquma ukuthi imodeli kufanele ibone ini. Imodeli yolimi ingase ikwazi ukukhiqiza izinkulumo ezinengqondo zezibalo kuyilapho isazabalaza ukuqagela isakhiwo esifanele sisuka kunkambu yobude obuphezulu. Ukuguqula izilinganiso zibe amanani abalulekile ngokomzimba kungase kunciphise lowo mthwalo ngokubeka idatha efomini eduze nalokho ososayensi asebekusebenzisile kakade.
Uma umphumela wababhali uba jikelele, inzuzo engokoqobo ingaba ukusebenza kahle kunokuba umbukwane. Abacwaningi bangase bakwazi ukuhlola ukutholwa kwezibalo okusizwa yimodeli yolimi ngamamodeli akhona kanye nezinsiza zekhompuyutha ezinesizotha, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthuthukiswa okubikiwe akuzange kudinge ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe. Lokho kungehlisa izindleko zokuhlola ukwakhiwa kwethiyori esekwe ku-AI futhi kwenze ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwedatha eluhlaza kanye nezethulo ezinolwazi lwe-physics kube lula ukwenza.
Ucwaningo luphinde lubonise ukuthi kungani izinzuzo zokusebenza ku-AI yesayensi kungafanele zihunyushwe ngokuzenzakalelayo njengobufakazi bokucabanga okuzimele kwesayensi. Imodeli inikezwa incazelo eguquliwe elungiselelwe ngenqubo yokutolika idatha. Lokho kungase kube idizayini efanele yomsebenzi, kodwa kusho ikhwalithi yezinto eziguquguqukayo ezikhishiwe kanye nokuqagela okungemuva kwazo kuhlala kuyizingxenye ezibalulekile zesistimu. Ukuzuza kokunemba kokubuyisa isibalo kungase kubonise ukwethulwa kolwazi olungcono kunentuthuko ebanzi ekuqondeni okuyisisekelo kwemodeli.
Kubasebenzisi basesidlangalaleni nabesayensi, umehluko ubalulekile ngoba isibalo esilingana nedatha elingisiwe ayiyona incazelo ethembekile yesistimu ebonakalayo. Umthombo awukubiki ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlolwa, izilinganiso zokungaqiniseki, ukuqhathanisa nezindlela ezimisiwe zokuhlehla okungokomfanekiso, noma ubufakazi bokuthi izibalo ezikhiqiziwe zihlala zivumelekile ngaphandle kwebhentshimakhi. Kuze kube yilapho leyo mibuzo iphendulwe, isiphetho esiqine kakhulu esisekelwe ukuthi ukumelwa kokufakwayo kungase kube nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwemodeli yolimi kulesi silungiselelo esithile sokutholwa.
I-Interactive Mechanism: Indlela Esebenza Ngayo Ngempela
Hlola ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo ngemuva kwalokhu kuthuthukiswa ngokuhlanganyela.
Which component of an AI application is the machine-learning model itself?
Ongakubuka ngokulandelayo
Imibuzo eyinhloko ukuthi ingabe le ndlela isebenza kudatha yokuhlola yangempela, ukuthi idlulisa kabanzi kangakanani kuwo wonke amasistimu aphathekayo, nokuthi isilinganiso sokunemba okubikiwe sibalwa njengesibalo esilungile esitholiwe. Umsebenzi owengeziwe kufanele futhi ucacise ukuthi iyiphi imodeli yolimi nezisekelo ezisetshenzisiwe, noma ngabe le ndlela ithola amathiyori amasha ngempela noma ibuyisa izinhlobo ezaziwayo, nokuthi ososayensi babantu baqinisekisa kanjani imiphumela yayo.
Ubufakazi obulandelayo obuwusizo buyoba incazelo ephelele yendlela yokulinganisa neyokuhlola. Abafundi badinga incazelo enembile yesibalo esitholiwe esilungile, inombolo nokuhlukahluka kwezinkambu ezilingisayo, imodeli yolimi esetshenzisiwe, ukwaziswa noma ifomethi yokufaka, kanye nesisekelo sedatha eluhlaza. Ngaphandle kwaleyo mininingwane, "cishe ngokuphindwe kathathu" inolwazi njengomphumela wesihloko kodwa akwanele ukwahlulela usayizi nokuthembeka kokuthuthukiswa.
Ukuqina komhlaba wangempela yinkinga enkulu kakhulu engaxazululiwe. Izinkambu ezilingisiwe zingahlanzeka futhi zihleleke kakhulu kunezilinganiso eziqoqwe kusukela ekuhlolweni ngokomzimba, okungase kuqukathe umsindo, ukuphawula okungekho, amaphutha okulinganisa, noma ukusebenzisana okungamelwe ekulingiseni. Ukuhlola isigaba sokuhumusha kudatha yokuhlola evela kumasistimu amaningi kuzobonisa ukuthi ingabe inzuzo yayo incike ezimeni ezivuna indlela ngokungavamile.
Inani lesayensi lomkhiqizo nalo lidinga ukuhlolwa ngaphezu kokunemba. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele lubike ukuthi izilinganiso ezitholiwe ziyachazeka yini, aziguquki ngokwengxenye, azinzile ngaphansi kokuphazanyiswa, futhi ziwusizo ekubikezeleni ukubonwa okungazange kusetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokutholwa. Ochwepheshe abangabantu kuzodingeka banqume ukuthi ingabe le ndlela iyabubuyisa yini ubudlelwano obaziwayo, iphakamise izandiso ezibambekayo, noma ikhiqize izinkulumo ezifanelana nedatha etholakalayo kodwa ezingenayo incazelo engokoqobo.
Okokugcina, ukuphindaphinda nokubuyekezwa kontanga kuzobaluleka. Umthombo uyi-arXiv ephrintiwe ngaphambili, futhi umbhalo onikeziwe awuqinisekisi ukuqinisekiswa okuzimele kwezimangalo zawo. Umsebenzi wokulandelela kufanele uhlole le ndlela ngamamodeli ahlukene, imiklamo esheshayo, izizinda ezibonakalayo, nezindlela zokuthola ezincintisanayo. Kufanele futhi icacise ukuthi bungakanani ubungcweti obudingekayo ukuze kukhethwe okuguquguqukayo nokuthi inqubo izoshintsha kanjani lapho amanani abonakalayo afanelekile akwaziwa. Leyo miphumela izonquma ukuthi ukutolika kwedatha kuyibhuloho elisebenziseka kakhulu yini phakathi kokuhlolwa namamodeli olimi noma inqubo eqondene nebhentshimakhi.