Kwenzekeni
Abacwaningi e-HAI yase-Stanford kanye ne-RegLab bashicilele ucwaningo olubonisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-AI lungasiza ekuhlonzeni imithetho yendawo ebandlululayo. Lolu hlelo lusize ababuyekezi abangabantu bahlabe umkhosi izinkulungwane zemithetho kamasipala ephatha abantu ngendlela ehlukile ngokusekelwe kuzibaluli ezivikelwe. Ucwaningo luqinisekise ukunemba kwe-AI ngama-98% uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlanganiswa kwezomthetho okungokomlando futhi lwaphawula ukuthi nakuba i-AI iphumelela ekuhlonzeni ukwelashwa okucacile okuhlukene, ingaba nokulangazelela ngokweqile ukubeka phambili izigaba ezithile ezisekelwe ebulilini uma ziqhathaniswa nababuyekezi babantu.
Abacwaningi e-Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI (HAI) kanye ne-RegLab yasenyuvesi bashicilele ucwaningo olubonisa usizo lwamamodeli ezilimi ezinkulu ekuhlonzeni imithetho yendawo ebandlululayo. Uhlelo lwe-AI lwenzelwe ukusiza ababuyekezi abangabantu ekuhlungeni amakhodi amakhulu kamasipala ukuze bathole imithetho ephatha abantu ngendlela ehlukile ngokusekelwe kuhlanga, ubulili, noma ubuzwe.
Ucwaningo lwagqamisa ubukhulu benkinga, luphawula ukuthi ikhodi kamasipala waseSan Francisco nezinqumo ezihambisana nayo ziqukethe amagama acishe abe yizigidi eziyi-16. Lo mqulu wenza ukubuyekezwa okwenziwa ochwepheshe bezomthetho, njengemizamo yomlando ka-Pauli Murray no-Ruth Bader Ginsburg, kube nzima kakhulu ukuphindaphinda ezingeni lendawo ngaphandle kosizo lwekhompyutha.
Ukuqinisekisa uhlelo, abacwaningi basebenzise isethi ekhethiwe yokuhlanganiswa kwezomthetho komlando, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kukaPauli Murray kwemithetho kaJim Crow namadokhumenti ahlobene necala lomshado wezitabane. Uhlelo lwe-AI luzuze isilinganiso sokunemba esingu-98% ekuhlonzeni lezi zinhlinzeko ezaziwayo zobandlululo. Ababuyekezi babantu babe sebesebenza kanye ne-AI ukuze babeke phambili amandla ezimangalo zomthetho.
Ucwaningo luphawule ukulinganiselwa esinqumweni se-AI. Nakuba lisebenza kahle ekuhlonzeni impatho ehlukene ecacile, isistimu ngezinye izikhathi 'yayimagange ngokweqile' ekuhlabeni umkhosi ngezigaba ezisekelwe ebulilini, njengezindawo ezihlukene zamajele esifunda, avame ukuba nezizathu ezingokomthetho ezinikezwa yinkantolo. Abacwaningi bacacisa ukuthi uhlelo okwamanje lugxile ekwelapheni okungafani kunokuba nomthelela ohlukene, njengoba lokhu kudinga ukuhlaziywa kwe-causal okuyinkimbinkimbi okungaphezu kwamandla wamanje wethuluzi.
Imininingwane yomthombo: politico.com ↗
Kungani kubalulekile
Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kubhekana nenselelo enkulu yokwehla ekuthotshelweni kwezomthetho kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamalungelo omphakathi. Amakhodi kamasipala wendawo maningi, kanti amanye amadolobha afana ne-San Francisco anamakhodi angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-16, okwenza ukubuyekezwa okwenziwa ochwepheshe babantu kungenzeki ekucwaningeni kwamabhuku okuphelele. Ngokuzenzakalela ukuhlola kokuqala kwezimiso zolimi olubandlululayo olusobala, amathuluzi e-AI anganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi nezindleko ezidingekayo ukuze kuhlonzwe ukwephulwa kwezomthetho okungaba khona. Lokhu kuvumela amaqembu omthetho nezinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo abantu ukuthi bagxilise izinsiza zabo ezilinganiselwe ekuqinisekiseni nasekuphonseni inselelo ukunikezwa okuyizinkinga kakhulu, okungase kuholele ekulungisweni okusheshayo kwemithetho ebandlululayo ethinta izigidi zabahlali.
Ukubaluleka okuyinhloko kwalolu cwaningo amandla okwenza intando yeningi ukuhlolwa kwezomthetho. Ngokomlando, ukuhlonza imithetho ebandlululayo kwakudinga umsebenzi wezandla owenziwe yizazi zezomthetho ezikhethekile. Ngokusebenzisa i-AI ukuze isingathe ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwezigidi zamagama wekhodi kamasipala, amaqembu ezomthetho angafinyelela ukumbozwa okuphelele okwakungenzeki ngaphambilini.
Leli thuluzi linemithelela esebenzayo yokuphoqelelwa kwamalungelo omphakathi. Ngokuhlonza izinkulungwane zemithetho engase ibe nokubandlulula ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, ucwaningo lunikeza umhlahlandlela wezinselele zomthetho eziqondisiwe. Lokhu kungaholela ekususweni noma ekuchitshiyelweni kwemithetho enganakiwe ngenxa yomthamo omkhulu wemithetho yendawo.
Izinga lokunemba elingu-98% kumasethi okuqinisekisa liphakamisa ukuthi i-AI ingaba isihlungi esithembekile sokudlula kuqala ukuze kuthotshelwe umthetho. Lokhu kunciphisa umthwalo wokuqonda kubabuyekezi abangabantu, okubavumela ukuba bagxile ezimpikiswano ezingokomthetho ezinokwehluka kunokuskena umbhalo oyisisekelo. Le nzuzo esebenza kahle ibalulekile ezinhlanganweni ezinezinsiza ezilinganiselwe ezihlose ukuphoqelela imithetho emelene nokucwasa ezingeni lendawo.
I-Interactive Mechanism: Indlela Esebenza Ngayo Ngempela
Hlola ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo ngemuva kwalokhu kuthuthukiswa ngokuhlanganyela.
Why can ethical evaluation not be reduced to one model score?
Ongakubuka ngokulandelayo
Qaphela ukuthi izinkampani zobuchwepheshe bezomthetho noma izikhungo zikahulumeni zisebenzisa amathuluzi okucwaninga aqhutshwa yi-AI kumakhodi kamasipala. Buka izibuyekezo zendlela yocwaningo mayelana nomthelela ohlukene, njengoba isistimu yamanje igxile ekwelashweni okusobala okuhlukene. Ukwengeza, bheka uma le ndlela inwebeka kwezinye izindawo zokuthobela imithetho lapho ivolumu enkulu yombhalo idinga ukuhlolelwa imibandela ethile yezomthetho.
Ukuphindaphinda kwesikhathi esizayo kwalolu hlelo kungase kuzame ukubhekana nomthelela ohlukene, ohlanganisa ukuhlaziya imiphumela yomhlaba wangempela yemithetho engathathi hlangothi. Lona umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu odinga ukucatshangelwa kwesizathu, futhi inqubekelaphambili kule ndawo izokwandisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwethuluzi.
Ukwamukelwa ngohulumeni kamasipala noma izikhungo zombuso kungaholela emizamweni yokulandela imithetho. Uma ohulumeni basekhaya basebenzisa amathuluzi anjalo ukuze bahlole amakhodi abo, kungase kuphumele ekuzilungiseni ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe izinselelo zomthetho.
Umphakathi wezomthetho ungaphikisana ngokuvunyelwa noma ukuthembeka kocwaningomabhuku lwezomthetho olukhiqizwe yi-AI enkantolo. Ukumisa izindinganiso zokuthi ucwaningo lwezomthetho olusizwa yi-AI lwenziwa futhi luqinisekiswe kanjani kuzobaluleka ekwamukelweni okubanzi kwalawa mathuluzi ekusebenzeni kwezomthetho.