Kwenzekeni
Iphepha le-arXiv lihlola ukuthi ingabe ukwengeza ukuhlela, ukuhlola okungenamalebula nokulungisa indlela yokusebenza yemodeli yolimi kuthuthukisa ukucabanga kwezezimali ngokwanele ukuze kuthethelele izindleko zakho zamathokheni ezengeziwe. Besebenzisa i-GPT-5.4 mini ku-FinQA ne-TAT-QA, abacwaningi baqhathanisa isistimu yekholi eyodwa ye-monolithic enezakhiwo zosesho oluqinisekisiwe kuzo zonke izabelomali eziyi-14 ukusuka kumathokheni angu-250 kuya ku-42,000 alinganayo okukhiphayo. Umthombo ubika ukuthi uhlelo oluhlelekile luwela ngemuva kumathokheni angu-1,000 kodwa ludlula i-monolith kusukela kumathokheni angu-1,500 kuya phambili, lufinyelela cishe ku-44% ukunemba kuma-tiers aphakeme kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nama-40%.
Iphepha, elinesihloko esithi "Izindleko Zokucabanga Amathokheni: Lapho Isakhiwo Esiningi Siyifanele Intengo," lihanjiswe ku-arXiv ngo-Aug. 27, 2026. Umbuzo walo oyinhloko ukuthi ngabe isakhiwo sokucabangela senza umkhawulo wesabelomali: ngaphansi kwalelo phuzu, ukuhlela nokuqinisekisa kudla kakhulu isabelomali sesizukulwane esitholakalayo; ngenhla kwayo, lezo zinyathelo zithuthukisa impendulo yokugcina. Umthombo ubeka udaba njengomncintiswano phakathi kokucabanga okwengeziwe kanye nezinzuzo zokusesha, ukuhlola nokubuyekeza impendulo.
Abacwaningi baqhathanisa amasistimu amabili. Eyokuqala i-monolith ehlanganisa ikholi yemodeli eyodwa yolimi olukhulu. Okwesibili ukwakhiwa kokusesha okuqinisekisiwe okwengeza amakhono okuhlela, ukuhlola okungaboni ilebula nokulungisa. Womabili amasistimu asebenzisa i-GPT-5.4 mini futhi ahlolwe ku-FinQA ne-TAT-QA, umthombo oyichaza njengemisebenzi yokucabanga yezezimali. Ukuhlola kuhlanganisa izabelomali zamathokheni eziphumayo eziyi-14, ezisukela kumathokheni angama-250 kuye kwangama-42,000.
Umthombo ubika izehlakalo eziyi-1,000 kanye namaseli aqediwe angu-28,000 esewonke. Ezigabeni ezimbili eziphansi zesabelomali, womabili amasistimu athola u-0% ngoba awakwazi ukulingana nokwaziswa okuphelele. Kumathokheni we-1,000, uhlelo lwe-monolithic lufinyelela ukunemba kwe-18%, kuyilapho amaphuzu okusesha aqinisekisiwe eduze kwe-0%; Imiphumela yephepha eholela ekuhleleni phezulu ishiya isikhala esinganele sempendulo. Kusukela kumathokheni angu-1,500 kuya phambili, isistimu ehlelekile idlula i-monolith futhi igcina inzuzo engaguquki, ngokusho kwe-abstract.
Ezigabeni eziphakeme kakhulu, ukusesha okuqinisekisiwe kufinyelela cishe ukunemba okungu-44% kanye ne-monolith cishe ku-40%. I-crossover ebikiwe iwela phakathi kwe-1,000 ne-1,500 amathokheni alinganayo okukhiphayo. Ababhali bathi ukuhlolwa okuqinile kwe-intersection-union kuqinisekisa i-crossover kuzo zombili iziphetho nge-p ≤ 0.001. Lezi yimiphumela yocwaningo ebikiwe, hhayi umphumela wokusebenza ozimele wonkana amamodeli olimi ngokuvamile.
Imininingwane yomthombo: arxiv.org ↗
Kungani kubalulekile
Ucwaningo lunikeza isifundo sokuklama esiphathekayo sezinhlelo ze-AI ezichitha ukubala okwengeziwe ekucabangeni: ukwakheka kungase kube usizo kuphela ngemva kokuba isabelomali esiphumayo sesisikhulu ngokwanele ukuba sibambe phezulu. Lokho kuhwebelana kubalulekile konjiniyela ukuthi banqume nini ukunxenxa ukucabanga okunezinyathelo eziningi, ukuqinisekiswa noma ukulungiswa, nakuba ubufakazi bukhawulelwe kumodeli eyodwa namasethi edatha okuphendula imibuzo yezezimali amabili.
Umnikelo ongokoqobo uwumkhawulo olinganisekayo wenkinga yesistimu ejwayelekile. Ukugeleza komsebenzi okuhlela, okuqinisekisayo nokulungisa akungcono ngokuzenzakalelayo ngenxa yokuthi kwenza izinyathelo zokucabanga ezengeziwe. Uma isabelomali esitholakalayo sisincane kakhulu, lezo zinyathelo zingaminyanisa impendulo ngokwayo. Imiphumela ebikiwe iphakamisa ukuthi abaklami besistimu bangase badinge inqubomgomo yolwazi lwebhajethi ukuze banqume ukuthi ukusikisela okuhleliwe kubalulekile.
Lo mehluko ubalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezilinganisa ukunemba ngokumelene nokubambezeleka noma izindleko zokusebenzisa. Ikholi yemodeli eyodwa ingase ibe ngcono ezicelweni zesabelomali esifushane uma i-orchestration idla iningi lesikhala sokukhiqiza esitholakalayo. Uma isabelomali esengeziwe sesitholakala, ucwaningo lubika ukuthi ukucatshangelwa okuhlelekile kungaveza imiphumela engcono emisebenzini ehloliwe. Ngakho-ke okutholiwe kukhuluma nokwabiwa kokubala, hhayi esicelweni esijwayelekile sokuthi i-architecture eyodwa ihlakaniphe kakhulu emhlabeni wonke.
Umphumela uphinde wenze ukuhlola kube nolwazi oluningi kunomphumela wesihloko esisodwa. Lezi zinhlelo ezimbili zibikwa ukuthi zishintsha isikhundla esihlobene njengoba isabelomali sishintsha: i-monolith ihola amathokheni angu-1,000, kuyilapho ukusesha okuqinisekisiwe kuholela kumathokheni angu-1,500 kuya phambili. Ngakho-ke uhlelo oluhlolwe ngesabelomali esisodwa kuphela lungafihla ukuhwebelana okubalulekile kokusebenza. Ezinhlanganweni ezisebenzisa i-AI, umbuzo ofanelekile ungase ube ukusebenza ngeyunithi ngayinye yokubala okuvunyelwe esikhundleni sokunemba kuphela.
Ubufakazi buhlala buncane. Umthombo uqamba imodeli eyodwa, GPT-5.4 mini, namadathasethi amabili edatha okucabanga ngezezimali. Ayiqinisekisi ukuthi ingabe umkhawulo ofanayo uyasebenza kumamodeli amakhulu noma amancane, imisebenzi yezingxoxo, ukubhala amakhodi, umsebenzi wesayensi, okokufaka kwe-multimodal noma ukuhamba komsebenzi kwe-ejenti. I-abstract futhi ayinikezi ukuhlukaniswa okugcwele kwedathasethi, isigaba sesabelomali noma ingxenye, ngakho abafundi abakwazi ukunquma ngomthombo onikeziwe ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yezakhiwo ezihlelekile ekhiqiza inzuzo ebikiwe.
I-Interactive Mechanism: Indlela Esebenza Ngayo Ngempela
Hlola ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo ngemuva kwalokhu kuthuthukiswa ngokuhlanganyela.
Which component of an AI application is the machine-learning model itself?
Ongakubuka ngokulandelayo
Umbuzo obalulekile ukuthi ingabe i-crossover ebikiwe ibamba kuwo wonke amanye amamodeli, imisebenzi kanye nezilungiselelo zezindleko. Ukuphindaphinda kufanele kuhlole ukuthi umkhawulo ushintsha kanjani ngobude besikhathi, ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi, ikhwalithi yokuqinisekisa nokubambezeleka, nokuthi ingabe igebe elilinganiselwe lokunemba kwesabelomali esiphezulu lihlala yini lapho izindleko zezimali zangempela noma zesikhathi zikalwa esikhundleni samathokheni alinganayo okukhiphayo.
Ukuphindaphinda kufanele kuhlole ukuthi ingabe i-crossover yamathokheni angu-1,000 kuya ku-1,500 izinzile noma icacile kumafomethi okwaziswa nemisebenzi esetshenziswa lapha. Umthombo awusho ukuthi ubude besikhathi, ubude bempendulo noma ubunzima bomsebenzi lusatshalaliswa kanjani kuzo zonke izimo, futhi lezo zici zingathinta ukuthi singakanani isabelomali esisele ngemva kokuhlela nokuhlola. Umkhawulo obonwa ekuphenduleni imibuzo yezezimali akufanele uthathwe njengomthetho wezinhlelo zomhlaba wonke ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okubanzi.
Ukuhlola okuzayo kufanele kuhlukanise izindleko zezingxenye ngazinye. Ukuhlela kwamaqembu angabonakali, ukuhlola nokulungisa amalebula ngaphakathi kwesistimu yosesho oluqinisekisiwe, kodwa ayikubiki ukukhishwa okubonisa ukuthi kwenzekani uma ingxenye eyodwa isuswa. Ukuhlola okunjalo kuzocacisa ukuthi ingabe inzuzo ivela oseshweni, ukuqinisekiswa, ukulungiswa, noma ukusebenzisana kwakho, kanye nokuthi ingxenye ngayinye ihlala iwusizo kubhajethi efanayo.
Iphepha lilinganisa izigaba zamathokheni alinganayo okukhiphayo, kodwa umthombo onikeziwe awuchazi ukuthi lezo zigaba zikhomba kanjani ukubambezeleka kwewashi, izinkokhiso zangempela, izingcingo zamathuluzi noma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Lezo zinyathelo zingashintsha isinqumo sokuthunyelwa. Isistimu ehlelekile ingase ithuthukise ukunemba kuyilapho ibeka izindleko ezingamukeleki kuhlelo lokusebenza oluthile, noma ingase ikhange lapho ukulunga kubaluleke ngaphezu kwesivinini sokuphendula.
Inzuzo yebhajethi ephezulu ebikiwe icishe ibe ngamaphesenti amane, isuka cishe ku-40% iye cishe kuma-44%. Lowo mehluko ungaba usizo, kodwa ukubaluleka kwawo okungokoqobo kuncike ekuphindaphindeni, izikhawu zokungaqiniseki kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamaphutha. I-abstract inikeza umphumela wokubaluleka okubikiwe we-crossover, nokho ayinikezi imininingwane eyanele lapha ukuze kuhlolwe usayizi nokuzinza kwakho konke ukuqhathanisa kwezinga lesabelomali.
Umthombo uphinde ushiye uvuliwe ukuthi amasistimu ahloliwe angabona yini uma kudingeka ukwakheka okwengeziwe. Isinyathelo esilandelayo esiwusizo kungaba umzila oguquguqukayo osebenzisa ucingo olulula lwezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ugcine usesho oluqinisekisiwe lwezimo lapho okungaphezulu kungase kukhokhe. Lokho kungenzeka kuwumphumela wokuhwebelana kwesabelomali okuchazwe yiphepha, hhayi amandla aboniswe yilolu cwaningo.