NVLink da GPU Interconnects
NVLink da haɗin haɗin gwiwa masu alaƙa sune manyan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa waɗanda ke barin yawancin GPUs suyi magana da juna kai tsaye da sauri.
Dubawa
They are essential because training and serving the largest AI models requires hundreds or thousands of GPUs to act like one giant accelerator.
Zurfafa nutsewa
GPU guda ɗaya ba zai iya ɗaukar manyan samfura ba, don haka an raba su cikin kwakwalwan kwamfuta da yawa waɗanda dole ne koyaushe musanya bayanai, kamar ma'auni, gradients, da kunnawa. Daidaitaccen bas ɗin PCIe ya yi jinkiri sosai don wannan, don haka NVIDIA ta ƙirƙiri NVLink, hanyar haɗin GPU-zuwa-GPU kai tsaye tana ba da bandwidth mafi girma da ƙarancin latency. NVSwitch kwakwalwan kwamfuta suna fadada wannan zuwa masana'anta don haka kowane GPU a cikin uwar garken zai iya isa ga kowane ɗayan a cikin cikakken sauri, yana juya GPUs takwas zuwa babban ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ɗaya da ƙididdige tafkin. A sikelin rack, tsarin kamar NVIDIA's NVL72 suna haɗa yawancin GPUs akan yanki na NVLink haɗin gwiwa. Bayan rakiyar guda ɗaya, fasahar sadarwar kamar InfiniBand da Ethernet (sau da yawa tare da RDMA) suna ɗaure dubunnan nodes cikin gungu. Ingancin waɗannan haɗin haɗin kai kai tsaye yana iyakance girman girman da yadda samfuran sauri zasu iya horarwa.
Fahimtar Fasaha
NVLink yana ba da hanyoyin sadaukar-zuwa-aya tsakanin GPUs tare da bandwidth sau da yawa na PCIe da ƙananan latency, barin GPUs su karanta ƙwaƙwalwar juna kusan kamar na gida ne. NVSwitch yana aiki kamar babban mashaya mai sauri don haka duk GPUs a cikin kumburi suna sadarwa mara toshewa a cikakken bandwidth. Ayyukan gama-gari kamar su duka-rage, waɗanda jimlar gradients a cikin GPUs yayin horo, suna gudana da sauri akan wannan masana'anta, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa haɗin haɗin haɗin gwiwar yana da tasiri sosai yadda ma'aunin horo ga kwakwalwan kwamfuta da yawa.
Dabarun Tasiri
Kudin da kasafin kuɗi
Hukunce-hukuncen gine-gine suna haifar da aiki da tsadar aiki na shekaru.
Shawarwari masu haske
Ilimin fasaha yana taimaka wa ƙungiyoyi su zaɓi tari mai kyau, ba kawai sabon abu ba.
Kula da inganci
Zaɓuɓɓukan injiniya mafi kyau suna rage abin dogaro a cikin samarwa.
Makomar NVLink da GPU Interconnects
Kamar yadda samfura ke haɓaka sabobin guda ɗaya, haɗin haɗin kai yana zama tsarin. NVLink yana ci gaba da samun bandwidth kowane tsara, kuma ma'aunin NVLink yanki (kamar NVL72) suna faɗaɗa adadin GPUs waɗanda ke zama ɗaya. Yi tsammanin manyan wuraren haɗin kai, ƙarin haɗin kai na ƙididdigewa da sadarwar sadarwa, hanyoyin haɗin kai don rage ƙarfin nesa, da ƙoƙarin masana'antu don buɗe ƙa'idodin haɗin kai (kamar UALink) zuwa masana'anta na kishiya. Scaling AI yana ƙara dogara akan motsi bayanai tsakanin kwakwalwan kwamfuta kamar yadda akan kwakwalwan kwamfuta da kansu.
Aiwatar da Gaskiyar Duniya
Haɗa GPU guda takwas a cikin sabar guda ɗaya (kamar tsarin NVIDIA DGX) ta hanyar NVSwitch don raba ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da horar da babban samfuri tare.
Yin aiki tare tare da sassauƙa gabaɗaya a cikin GPUs yayin horon da aka rarraba, haɓaka ta hanyar bandwidth NVLink.
Haɗa ɗimbin GPUs a cikin tsarin NVL72 mai girman rak zuwa yanki ɗaya na NVLink don samfuran siga- tiriliyan.
Daure dubunnan sabar GPU cikin gungu ta amfani da InfiniBand ko RDMA-over-Ethernet don babban horon ƙirar tushe.
Hatsari & Tsare-tsare
Haɓaka ma'auni ɗaya na iya ɓoye manyan raunin tsarin.
Sau da yawa ana raina kayan more rayuwa da kuma kuɗin kulawa.
Tsaro da gibin lura na iya girma yayin da tsarin ke ƙara haɓaka.
Taswirar Hanya
Ƙayyade latency, inganci, da maƙasudin farashi kafin aiwatarwa.
Alamar ma'auni a ƙarƙashin ainihin kaya da yanayin bayanai.
Kula da kayan aiki don kurakurai, ɗigo, da tasirin mai amfani.
Shirya bijirowa da hanyoyin mayar da martani kafin sikeli.
Ci gaba da Bincike
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Jagora na gaba
GPU vs TPU don AI
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
What is NVLink and GPU Interconnects?
NVLink da haɗin haɗin gwiwa masu alaƙa sune manyan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa waɗanda ke barin yawancin GPUs suyi magana da juna kai tsaye da sauri. Suna da mahimmanci saboda horarwa da bautar manyan samfuran AI na buƙatar ɗaruruwa ko dubunnan GPUs suyi aiki kamar babban mai haɓakawa ɗaya.
Me yasa ake buƙatar haɗin haɗin kai mai sauri kamar NVLink don manyan samfuran AI?
Manya-manyan ƙira sun wuce ƙarfin GPU ɗaya, don haka ana yada su a cikin kwakwalwan kwamfuta da yawa waɗanda ke ci gaba da raba ma'auni, gradients, da kunnawa, suna buƙatar hanyoyin haɗin kai cikin sauri.
Wace fa'ida NVLink ke bayarwa akan daidaitaccen bas ɗin PCIe don sadarwar GPU-zuwa-GPU?
NVLink shine hanyar haɗin GPU-zuwa-GPU kai tsaye tare da girman bandwidth da ƙarancin latency fiye da PCIe, yana ba da damar musayar bayanai cikin sauri tsakanin kwakwalwan kwamfuta.
Menene aikin NVSwitch a cikin uwar garken multi-GPU?
NVSwitch yana faɗaɗa NVLink zuwa masana'anta maras toshewa, yana barin duk GPUs da ke cikin kumburi suyi magana da juna cikin cikakken sauri.
Wanne aiki gama gari, gama gari a cikin horon da aka rarraba, yana da fa'ida mai ƙarfi daga haɗin kai mai sauri?
Rage jimlar duka da raba gradients a duk GPUs kowane matakin horo, don haka saurin sa ya dogara sosai akan haɗin haɗin kai.
Bayan uwar garken guda ɗaya, wadanne fasahohi ne ke haɗa dubunnan nodes na GPU cikin tari ɗaya?
A sikelin gungu, sadarwar kamar InfiniBand ko Ethernet tare da RDMA suna haɗa nodes da yawa tare, suna haɓaka NVLink a cikin kowane sabar.