Overview
Tensor Cores inyanzvi dzehurdware mukati memazuva ano NVIDIA GPUs anoita matrix kuwanda-uye-kuunganidza mashandiro nekukurumidza. Ndivo chikonzero chikuru chekuti GPU imwe chete inogona kudzidzisa uye kumhanya hombe neural network maodha ehukuru nekukurumidza kupfuura general-chinangwa compute ingabvumira.
Tensor Cores inyanzvi yekuvaka inobata mhando yemhando, mutengo wezvivakwa, latency, uye kuvimbika pachiyero.
Deep Dive
Yakaunzwa neVolta architecture muna 2017, Tensor Cores masekete akatsaurirwa anokokorodza diki matrix kuwanza pamwe nekuwedzera (D = A x B + C) mukushanda kumwe chete, pane kuita imwe neimwe kuwanda imwe panguva pane yakajairwa CUDA cores. Nekuti ingangoita yese layer yeneural network inodzikisira kuita matrix kuwanda, izvi zvinoenderana nemasvomhu AI anotoda. Chizvarwa chega chega cheGPU chakawedzera zvavanobata: Volta akaita 4x4 FP16 mataira, ukuwo Ampere, Hopper, uye Blackwell zvivakwa zvakawedzera akaderera-chaiyo mafomati seTF32, BF16, INT8, FP8, uye FP4. Kunyatsodzika kwakadzika kunoreva nhamba dzakawanda dzakagadziriswa pawachi imwe neimwe, zvichiwedzera kuwedzera kwekudzidzira uye kufungidzira uku uchichengeta chokwadi chinogamuchirwa.
Technical Insight
A Tensor Core inowanza matrices maviri madiki uye inounganidza mhedzisiro mune imwe nhanho yakasanganiswa, ichishandisa chokwadi chekuti iwowo maitiro ekuisa anoshandiswa zvakare pane zvakawanda zvinobuda zvinhu. Inowanzo verenga zvinopinda mune yakaderedzwa chaiyo (FP16, BF16, kana FP8) asi inounganidza iyo inomhanya sum in yepamusoro chaiyo (kazhinji FP32) kudzikamisa kukanganisa kutenderedza. Maraibhurari eSoftware senge cuBLAS uye cuDNN, uye masisitimu akaita sePyTorch, mataira makuru matrices mune aya mabhururu madiki otomatiki kuitira kuti mamodheru awane kumhanya pasina manyorero ekunyora.
Mastering Tensor Cores
Tensor Cores inyanzvi dzehurdware mukati memazuva ano NVIDIA GPUs anoita matrix kuwanda-uye-kuunganidza mashandiro nekukurumidza. Ndivo chikonzero chikuru chekuti GPU imwe chete inogona kudzidzisa uye kumhanya hombe neural network maodha ehukuru nekukurumidza kupfuura general-chinangwa compute ingabvumira. Tensor Cores inyanzvi yekuvaka inobata mhando yemhando, mutengo wezvivakwa, latency, uye kuvimbika pachiyero. Kuvaka kunzwisisa kwakadzama, bata Tensor Cores semuenzaniso wekushandisa, kwete chinhu chimwe chete: tsanangura zvinodikanwa, kujekesa fungidziro, uye patsanura izvo zvinogona kuitwa nehurongwa hwakavimbika kubva kune zvichiri kuda kutonga kwenyanzvi.
Mukuita, zvikwata zvakasimba zvinoshandisa Tensor Cores zvinogonesa zvivakwa, data, uye sarudzo dzezvivakwa zvinopesana nekuvimbika uye mutengo. Ivo vanonyora zvakajeka maitiro ebudiriro, bvunzo vachipokana ne data rechokwadi uye mafambiro ebasa, uye iterate zvichibva pane zvakacherechedzwa maitiro ekutadza kwete kuhwina-nguva imwe chete yebhenji. Apa ndipo apo kunzwisisa kwe theoretical kunoshanduka kuve kugona kwakasimba pane chigadzirwa, mutemo, uye mashandiro.
Zvisarudzo zvezvivakwa zvinotyaira kuita uye mutengo wekushandisa kwemakore. Panguva imwecheteyo, Kukwirisa imwe bhenji kunogona kuvanza yakafara system kushaya simba. Nzira yakatsiga ndeyekubatanidza kukurumidza kuyedza nekutonga: mhanyisa vatyairi vendege, tora humbowo, buritsa matanda esarudzo, uye urambe uchivandudza chengetedzo semaitiro emuenzaniso, zvinotarisirwa nemushandisi, uye zvinodikanwa zvekutonga.
Strategic Impact
Zvisarudzo zvezvivakwa zvinotyaira kuita uye mutengo wekushandisa kwemakore.
Zvisarudzo zvezvivakwa zvinotyaira kuita uye mutengo wekushandisa kwemakore. Mukutumirwa kwemhando yepamusoro, izvi zvinoshandurirwa kuita mitemo inoyerwa yekushanda, miganhu yevaridzi, uye tsika dzekudzokorora dzinodzokororwa kuitira kuti zvikwata zvikwire kuvimba pane kukwidza kusajeka.
Dzidzo yehunyanzvi inobatsira zvikwata kusarudza murwi wakakodzera, kwete iwo mutsva chete.
Dzidzo yehunyanzvi inobatsira zvikwata kusarudza murwi wakakodzera, kwete iwo mutsva chete. Mukutumirwa kwemhando yepamusoro, izvi zvinoshandurirwa kuita mitemo inoyerwa yekushanda, miganhu yevaridzi, uye tsika dzekudzokorora dzinodzokororwa kuitira kuti zvikwata zvikwire kuvimba pane kukwidza kusajeka.
Sarudzo dzeinjiniya dziri nani dzinoderedza zviitiko zvekuvimbika mukugadzira.
Sarudzo dzeinjiniya dziri nani dzinoderedza zviitiko zvekuvimbika mukugadzira. Mukutumirwa kwemhando yepamusoro, izvi zvinoshandurirwa kuita mitemo inoyerwa yekushanda, miganhu yevaridzi, uye tsika dzekudzokorora dzinodzokororwa kuitira kuti zvikwata zvikwire kuvimba pane kukwidza kusajeka.
Real-World Implementation
Kudzidzira mamodheru emitauro mikuru seGPT-maitiro ekushandura, uko mabhiriyoni ematrix kuwanda padanho rinomhanya paTensor Cores muBF16 kana FP8.
Kumhanyisa chaiyo-nguva inference yechatbots uye majenareta emifananidzo, uchishandisa INT8 kana FP8 quantization yekushandira vashandisi vazhinji paGPU.
Kumhanyisa NVIDIA DLSS mumitambo yemavhidhiyo, uko neural network inokwidza yakaderera-resolution mafuremu uchishandisa Tensor Cores furemu yega yega.
Kumhanyisa komputa yesainzi senge protein-kupeta (AlphaFold) uye mamiriro ekunze akagadziridzwa sematrix-inorema neural workloads.
Maitiro Ekuita
Tensor Cores mukuita
Kudzidzira mamodheru emitauro mikuru seGPT-maitiro ekushandura, uko mabhiriyoni ematrix kuwanda padanho rinomhanya paTensor Cores muBF16 kana FP8.
Kudzidzira mamodheru emitauro mikuru seGPT-maitiro ekushandura, uko mabhiriyoni ekuwedzera kwematrix padanho rega rega anomhanya paTensor Cores muBF16 kana FP8 Matimu anowanzo kuwana mhedzisiro iri nani kana achinge atsanangura emhando yepamusoro kumberi, chengetedza nzira yekukwira kwevanhu yemakesi ekumucheto, uye kuteedzera zvese zvakawanikwa zvechigadzirwa uye mutengo wekukanganisa nekufamba kwenguva.
Tensor Cores mukuita
Kumhanyisa chaiyo-nguva inference yechatbots uye majenareta emifananidzo, uchishandisa INT8 kana FP8 quantization yekushandira vashandisi vazhinji paGPU.
Kumhanya-chaiyo-nguva inference yechatbots uye majenareta emifananidzo, uchishandisa INT8 kana FP8 quantization yekushandira vashandisi vakawanda paGPU Teams kazhinji vanowana mhedzisiro iri nani kana vachitsanangudza mhando yepamusoro kumberi, chengetedza nzira yekukwira kwevanhu yemakesi emupendero, uye kuteedzera zvese zvakawanikwa zvechigadzirwa uye mutengo wekukanganisa nekufamba kwenguva.
Tensor Cores mukuita
Kumhanyisa NVIDIA DLSS mumitambo yemavhidhiyo, uko neural network inokwidza yakaderera-resolution mafuremu uchishandisa Tensor Cores furemu yega yega.
Kumhanyisa NVIDIA DLSS mumitambo yemavhidhiyo, uko neural network inokwidza yakaderera-resolution mafuremu vachishandisa Tensor Cores yega yega Matimu Matimu anowanzo kuwana mibairo iri nani kana achinge atsanangura emhando yepamusoro kumberi, chengetedza nzira yekukwira kwevanhu yemakesi emupendero, uye kuteedzera zvese zvakawanikwa zvechigadzirwa uye kukanganisa mutengo nekufamba kwenguva.
Tensor Cores mukuita
Kumhanyisa komputa yesainzi senge protein-kupeta (AlphaFold) uye mamiriro ekunze akagadziridzwa sematrix-inorema neural workloads.
Kumhanyisa komputa yesainzi senge protein-kupeta (AlphaFold) uye mamiriro ekunze akagadziridzwa sematrix-inorema neural workloads Matimu anowanzo kuwana mhedzisiro iri nani kana achinge atsanangura emhando yepamusoro kumberi, chengetedza nzira yekukwira kwevanhu yemakesi emupendero, uye kuteedzera zvese zvakawanikwa zvechigadzirwa uye mutengo wekukanganisa nekufamba kwenguva.
Njodzi & Guardrails
Kugadzirisa imwe bhenji kunogona kuvanza yakafara system kushaya simba.
Infrastructure uye mari yekugadzirisa inowanzotarisirwa pasi.
Chengetedzo uye kucherechedzwa mapundu anogona kukura sezvo masisitimu anowedzera kuoma.
Implementation Roadmap
Tsanangura latency, mhando, uye mutengo zvinangwa usati waitwa.
Tsanangura latency, mhando, uye mutengo zvinangwa usati waitwa. Bata nhanho yega yega segedhi rehumbowo: kana maitiro asina kusangana, imbomira kuburitsa, vhara gaka, uye wobva wawedzera kushandiswa.
Benchmark pasi pechokwadi mutoro uye data mamiriro.
Benchmark pasi pechokwadi mutoro uye data mamiriro. Bata nhanho yega yega segedhi rehumbowo: kana maitiro asina kusangana, imbomira kuburitsa, vhara gaka, uye wobva wawedzera kushandiswa.
Chishandiso chekutarisa zvikanganiso, kudonha, uye mushandisi maitiro.
Chishandiso chekutarisa zvikanganiso, kudonha, uye mushandisi maitiro. Bata nhanho yega yega segedhi rehumbowo: kana maitiro asina kusangana, imbomira kuburitsa, vhara gaka, uye wobva wawedzera kushandiswa.
Gadzirira nzira dzekudzosera kumashure uye dzezviitiko usati wawedzera.
Gadzirira nzira dzekudzosera kumashure uye dzezviitiko usati wawedzera. Bata nhanho yega yega segedhi rehumbowo: kana maitiro asina kusangana, imbomira kuburitsa, vhara gaka, uye wobva wawedzera kushandiswa.