Ukuphathwa Kwememori ye-GPU nokuhlukaniswa
Indlela uhlaka lwe-AI oluyaba ngayo, luphinde lusebenzise, futhi lufune kabusha inkumbulo ekhawulelwe ku-GPU, nokuthi kungani izikhala ezisele (ukuhlukaniswa) zingabangela amaphutha angaphandle kwenkumbulo ngisho noma inkumbulo eningi isasele.
Uhlolojikelele
Understanding it is key to fitting big models and avoiding mysterious crashes.
I-Deep Dive
Imemori ye-GPU igxilile futhi iyigugu: ikhadi lingase libe nengqikithi engu-24, 80, noma 192 GB, okwabelwana ngayo ngezisindo zemodeli, ukwenziwa kusebenze, ama-gradient, izifunda ze-optimizer, namabhafa esikhashana. Ukushayela umshayeli ukuthi anikeze inkumbulo kukho konke ukusebenza kuzohamba kancane, ngakho izinhlaka ezifana ne-PyTorch zisebenzisa i-caching allocator ebamba amabhulokhi amakhulu ngaphambili futhi ikhiphe izingcezu ezincane, bese igcina izingcezu ezikhululiwe echibini ukuze ziphinde zisetshenziswe. Okubanjwayo kuwukuhlukaniswa: njengoba ama-tensor anosayizi abahlukahlukene abiwa futhi akhululwe, indawo yamahhala ihlukana ibe izingcezu ezihlakazekile. Ungaba no-5 GB wamahhala usuwonke kodwa wehluleke ukunikeza i-tensor engu-2 GB esondelene ngoba alikho igebe elilodwa elikhulu ngokwanele. Yingakho ukuqeqeshwa kungaphahlazeka ngamaphutha angaphandle kwenkumbulo naphezu kwe-headroom ebonakala itholakala.
I-Technical Insight
Isabelo senqolobane se-CUDA se-PyTorch sihlukanisa inkumbulo ibe yimifudlana yamabhulokhi futhi siphinde sisebenzise amabhulokhi akhululiwe afana nosayizi abaceliwe, sigwema izingcingo ezibizayo ze-cudaMalloc/cudaFree. Ukuhlukaniswa kuvela lapho amabhlogo ahlukanisiwe engakwazi ukuphinda ahlanganiswe. Amathuluzi afana ne-torch.cuda.empty_cache, inketho ye-PYTORCH_CUDA_ALLOC_CONF expandable_segments, nosizo lwezifinyezo zememori. Izindlela ezintsha ziboleka imibono yenkumbulo ebonakalayo, yenze imephu yamakhasi abonakalayo angahlangani abe ububanzi obubonakalayo obuhlangene ukuze izicelo ezinkulu ziphumelele naphezu kokuhlukana.
I-Strategic Impact
Izindleko kanye nesabelomali
Izinqumo zezakhiwo ziqhuba ukusebenza kanye nezindleko zokusebenza iminyaka.
Izinqumo ezicacile
Imfundo yobuchwepheshe isiza amaqembu ukuthi akhethe isitaki esifanele, hhayi nje esisha.
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi
Izinketho ezingcono zobunjiniyela zinciphisa izehlakalo ezinokwethenjelwa ekukhiqizeni.
Ikusasa le-GPU Memory Management and Fragmentation
Ukuphathwa kwememori kuya ngobuhlakani futhi kufakwe ikhasi, kugqugquzelwe amasistimu okusebenza. Amasu afana ne-virtual-memory-style allocators kanye nokunaka kwekhasi (okusetshenziselwa ukuphatha inqolobane ye-KV ngesikhathi sokucatshangelwa) anciphisa ukumosha nokuhlukana ngokumangalisayo. Lindela izinhlaka ezizenzakalelayo zibe ezinwebekayo, ezabiwayo ezihlakazekayo, ukubonakala okungcono ngamaphrofayili akhelwe ngaphakathi, nokuhlanganiswa okuqinile nokulayisha nokuhlanganisa kabusha ukuze uhlelo luguquguquke i-GPU, i-CPU, nenkumbulo yediski ngokuzenzakalelayo ukugcina ukusetshenziswa kuphezulu kanye nokuphahlazeka okungajwayelekile.
Ukuqaliswa Komhlaba Wangempela
Ukugijima kokuqeqeshwa okushayisana ne-'CUDA ephumile kumemori' naphezu kwenkumbulo egodliwe ebonisa isikhala esikhululekile, elungiswe ngokusetha i-PYTORCH_CUDA_ALLOC_CONF ukuze kunikwe amandla amasegimenti anwebekayo.
Kusetshenziswa i-torch.cuda.memory_summary noma isifinyezo sememori ukuxilonga ukuthi imaphi ama-tensor nokuhlukaniswa okudla i-GPU's 80 GB.
I-PagedAttention ye-vLLM ilawula inqolobane ye-KV yokunaka emakhasini anosayizi ongashintshi ukuze inikeze izicelo eziningi zengxoxo ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphandle kokumosha inkumbulo.
Ukwehlisa usayizi weqoqo noma ukunika amandla ukuhlola kwegradient ukuze kunqandwe inkumbulo yokwenza kusebenze futhi kugwenywe ukuhluleka okuphuma kwenkumbulo okuqhutshwa ukuhlukana.
Izingozi & Guardrails
Ukuthuthukisa ibhentshimakhi eyodwa kungafihla ubuthakathaka obubanzi besistimu.
Izindleko zengqalasizinda nezokulungisa zivame ukubukelwa phansi.
Izikhala zokuphepha nokubonakala zingakhula njengoba izinhlelo ziba nzima kakhulu.
Ukuqalisa Umhlahlandlela
Chaza ukubambezeleka, ikhwalithi, nezindleko ezihlosiwe ngaphambi kokuqaliswa.
Ibhentshimakhi ngaphansi komthwalo wangempela nezimo zedatha.
Ukuqapha amathuluzi amaphutha, ukukhukhuleka, nomthelela wabasebenzisi.
Lungiselela izindlela zokuhlehlisa nezigameko ngaphambi kokukala.
Qhubeka Uhlole
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Umhlahlandlela olandelayo
Ukuhlela kwe-GPU ne-Cluster Orchestration
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
What is GPU Memory Management and Fragmentation?
Indlela uhlaka lwe-AI oluyaba ngayo, luphinde lusebenzise, futhi lufune kabusha inkumbulo ekhawulelwe ku-GPU, nokuthi kungani izikhala ezisele (ukuhlukaniswa) zingabangela amaphutha angaphandle kwenkumbulo ngisho noma inkumbulo eningi isasele. Ukuyiqonda kuyisihluthulelo sokufaka amamodeli amakhulu nokugwema ukuphahlazeka okungaqondakali.
Kuyini ukuhlukaniswa kwememori ye-GPU?
Ukuhlukaniswa kusho ukuthi inkumbulo yamahhala isiyonke yanele, kodwa ihlukaniswa ibe yizicucu, ngakho-ke alikho igebe elilodwa elikhulu ngokwanele ukuba ne-tensor enkulu.
Kungani izinhlaka ezifana ne-PyTorch zisebenzisa i-caching memory allocator?
Ukushayela i-cudaMalloc/cudaFree kuyo yonke i-op kuhamba kancane, ngakho-ke isihlanganisi senqolobane sibamba amabhulokhi amakhulu futhi siphinde sisebenzise akhululiwe echibini.
Ubona u-5 GB wamahhala kodwa awukwazi ukwaba i-tensor engu-2 GB. Kungenzeka yini imbangela?
Lolu phawu lwakudala lokuhlukana lwenzeka lapho inkumbulo yamahhala ikhona kodwa hhayi njengesigaxa esisodwa esikhulu ngokwanele ukuba sicele isicelo.
Isiphi isilungiselelo se-PyTorch esiza ukunciphisa ukuhlukana ngokuvumela izingxenye zememori ukuthi zikhule kalula?
Ukusetha i-PYTORCH_CUDA_ALLOC_CONF ukunika amandla amasegimenti_anwebekayo kuvumela owabelayo ukuthi akhulise amasegimenti futhi kunciphisa ukuhluleka okuhlobene nokuhlukana.
Yini i-PagedAttention ye-vLLM ekwaziyo ukunciphisa udoti wenkumbulo ngesikhathi sokuqagela?
I-PagedAttention igcina inqolobane ye-KV emakhasini anosayizi ongashintshi njengememori ebonakalayo ye-OS, ukunqamula ukuhlukana kanye nokunikeza izicelo eziningi kahle.