I-NVLink ne-GPU Interconnects
I-NVLink nezixhumi ezihambisanayo ziyizixhumanisi ezinesivinini esikhulu ezivumela ama-GPU amaningi ukuthi akhulume wodwa ngokuqondile nangokushesha.
Uhlolojikelele
They are essential because training and serving the largest AI models requires hundreds or thousands of GPUs to act like one giant accelerator.
I-Deep Dive
I-GPU eyodwa ayikwazi ukubamba amamodeli amakhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ahlukaniswa ngama-chips amaningi okufanele ashintshisane ngedatha njalo, njengezisindo, ama-gradient, nokwenziwa kusebenze. Ibhasi elijwayelekile le-PCIe lihamba kancane kulokhu, ngakho i-NVIDIA idale i-NVLink, isixhumanisi esiqondile se-GPU-to-GPU esinikeza umkhawulokudonsa ophakeme kakhulu nokubambezeleka okuphansi. Ama-NVSwitch chips anweba lokhu kube yindwangu ukuze yonke i-GPU kuseva ikwazi ukufinyelela zonke ezinye ngesivinini esigcwele, iguqule ama-GPU ayisishiyagalombili abe yinkumbulo eyodwa enkulu kanye nedamu lokubala. Esikalini se-rack, amasistimu afana ne-NVIDIA's NVL72 axhuma inqwaba yama-GPU phezu kwesizinda esihlanganisiwe se-NVLink. Ngale kwerack eyodwa, ubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi obufana ne-InfiniBand ne-Ethernet (ngokuvamile nge-RDMA) bubopha izinkulungwane zamanodi abe yiqoqo. Ikhwalithi yalezi zixhumanisi zikhawulela ngokuqondile ukuthi makhulu kangakanani nokuthi amamodeli ashesha kangakanani ukuqeqeshwa.
I-Technical Insight
I-NVLink inikeza imizila eqondile yokukhomba-ephuzu phakathi kwama-GPU anomkhawulokudonsa izikhathi eziningi owe-PCIe kanye ne-latency ephansi, ivumela ama-GPU afunde inkumbulo yomunye nomunye cishe njengokungathi ngeyendawo. I-NVSwitch isebenza njengebha enqamulayo enesivinini esiphezulu ukuze wonke ama-GPU aku-node axhumane ngokungavimbeli kumkhawulokudonsa ogcwele. Imisebenzi eqoqiwe efana nokunciphisa konke, okuyisamba se-gradient kuwo wonke ama-GPU ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa, igijima ngokushesha kakhulu kule ndwangu, yingakho umkhawulokudonsa wokuxhuma uthonya kakhulu ukuthi izikali zokuqeqesha zihamba kahle kangakanani kuma-chips amaningi.
I-Strategic Impact
Izindleko kanye nesabelomali
Izinqumo zezakhiwo ziqhuba ukusebenza kanye nezindleko zokusebenza iminyaka.
Izinqumo ezicacile
Imfundo yobuchwepheshe isiza amaqembu ukuthi akhethe isitaki esifanele, hhayi nje esisha.
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi
Izinketho ezingcono zobunjiniyela zinciphisa izehlakalo ezinokwethenjelwa ekukhiqizeni.
Ikusasa le-NVLink kanye ne-GPU Interconnects
Njengoba amamodeli ekhula ngaphandle kwamaseva angawodwa, ukuxhumana kuba uhlelo. I-NVLink iqhubeka nokuthola umkhawulokudonsa esizukulwaneni ngasinye, futhi izizinda ze-NVLink zesikali (njenge-NVL72) zandisa inani lama-GPU aziphatha njengento eyodwa. Lindela izizinda ezinkudlwana ezihlanganisiwe, ukuhlangana okuqinile kwekhompuyutha kanye nenethiwekhi, izixhumanisi ezibonakalayo zokunciphisa amandla phezu kwebanga, kanye nemizamo yemboni ebheke kumazinga okuxhumana avulekile (afana ne-UALink) ukuze aqhudelane nezindwangu zobunikazi. Ukukala i-AI kuya ngokuya ngokuya ekuhambiseni idatha phakathi kwama-chips njengakuma-chips ngokwawo.
Ukuqaliswa Komhlaba Wangempela
Ixhuma ama-GPU ayisishiyagalombili ngaphakathi kweseva eyodwa (njengezinhlelo ze-NVIDIA DGX) nge-NVSwitch ukuze babelane ngenkumbulo futhi baqeqeshe imodeli eyodwa enkulu ndawonye.
Ukwenza ukuvumelanisa okuncishiswe konke kwegradient kuwo wonke ama-GPU phakathi nokuqeqeshwa okusabalalisiwe, kusheshiswe umkhawulokudonsa we-NVLink.
Ukuxhumanisa inqwaba yama-GPU kusistimu ye-NVL72 ye-rack-scale ibe yisizinda esisodwa esihlanganisiwe se-NVLink samamodeli wamapharamitha ayizigidigidi.
Ukubophela izinkulungwane zamaseva e-GPU kuqoqo kusetshenziswa i-InfiniBand noma i-RDMA-over-Ethernet yokuqeqeshwa kwemodeli yesisekelo esikhulu.
Izingozi & Guardrails
Ukuthuthukisa ibhentshimakhi eyodwa kungafihla ubuthakathaka obubanzi besistimu.
Izindleko zengqalasizinda nezokulungisa zivame ukubukelwa phansi.
Izikhala zokuphepha nokubonakala zingakhula njengoba izinhlelo ziba nzima kakhulu.
Ukuqalisa Umhlahlandlela
Chaza ukubambezeleka, ikhwalithi, nezindleko ezihlosiwe ngaphambi kokuqaliswa.
Ibhentshimakhi ngaphansi komthwalo wangempela nezimo zedatha.
Ukuqapha amathuluzi amaphutha, ukukhukhuleka, nomthelela wabasebenzisi.
Lungiselela izindlela zokuhlehlisa nezigameko ngaphambi kokukala.
Qhubeka Uhlole
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Umhlahlandlela olandelayo
I-GPU vs TPU ye-AI
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
What is NVLink and GPU Interconnects?
I-NVLink nezixhumi ezihambisanayo ziyizixhumanisi ezinesivinini esikhulu ezivumela ama-GPU amaningi ukuthi akhulume wodwa ngokuqondile nangokushesha. Abalulekile ngoba ukuqeqeshwa nokusebenzela amamodeli amakhulu we-AI kudinga amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zama-GPU ukuze enze njengesisheshisi esikhulu esisodwa.
Kungani ukuxhumana okunesivinini esikhulu njenge-NVLink kudingekile kumamodeli amakhulu e-AI?
Amamodeli amakhulu adlula umthamo we-GPU eyodwa, ngakho asakazwa kuwo wonke ama-chips abelana ngokuqhubekayo ngezisindo, ama-gradient, nokwenziwa kusebenze, adinga izixhumanisi ezisheshayo.
Iyiphi inzuzo i-NVLink enikezayo ngaphezu kwebhasi elijwayelekile le-PCIe lokuxhumana kwe-GPU-to-GPU?
I-NVLink iyisixhumanisi esiqondile se-GPU-to-GPU esinomkhawulokudonsa omkhulu kakhulu kanye ne-latency ephansi kune-PCIe, evumela ukushintshaniswa kwedatha okusheshayo phakathi kwama-chips.
Iyini indima ye-NVSwitch kuseva yama-GPU amaningi?
I-NVSwitch inweba i-NVLink ibe yindwangu engavimbi, ivumela wonke ama-GPU endaweni axhumane ngawodwa ngesivinini esigcwele.
Yikuphi ukusebenza okuhlangene, okuvamile ekuqeqeshweni okusabalalisiwe, okuzuzisa kakhulu ekuxhumaneni okusheshayo?
Nciphisa zonke izibalo futhi wabelane ngama-gradient kuwo wonke ama-GPU isinyathelo ngasinye sokuqeqesha, ngakho isivinini saso sincike kakhulu kumkhawulokudonsa wokuxhuma.
Ngale kweseva eyodwa, yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obuvame ukuxhuma izinkulungwane zamanodi e-GPU abe yiqoqo elilodwa?
Esikalini seqoqo, inethiwekhi efana ne-InfiniBand noma i-Ethernet ne-RDMA ibopha amanodi amaningi ndawonye, iphelelisa i-NVLink ngaphakathi kweseva ngayinye.