Kwenzekeni
I-Guardian ibika ukuthi uBill Gates wenze isiphakamiso sokuthi kubekelwe eceleni imisebenzi ethile yabantu njengoba i-AI namarobhothi ethuthuka. Endatshanani enamagama ayi-6,000, uGates waqhathanisa lezi zindima neziqiwi zemvelo futhi wacaphuna ukunakekelwa okugxile kumuntu, okuhlanganisa nokuxhumana kokuxilongwa okubucayi kwezokwelapha, njengomsebenzi imishini okungafanele ithathelwe indawo. Uphinde waxwayisa ngokuthi ohulumeni abakulungele imiphumela ye-AI kuyo yonke imisebenzi, imfundo, intela, ukhetho, ezempilo yomphakathi, ezezimali nezinye izinhlelo.
I-Guardian ibika ukuthi uBill Gates uhlongoze isigaba somsebenzi “ogodliwe ngumuntu” endabeni enamagama angu-6,000 enesihloko esithi “Inkathi ye-AI eneziyaluyalu isifikile. Izinqumo esizenzayo zibucayi.” UGates waphikisa ngokuthi njengoba amasistimu e-AI namarobhothi ethuthuka, imiphakathi ingase ikhethe ukugcinela abantu imisebenzi ethile noma ngabe imishini ingayenza ngobuchwepheshe. Waqhathanisa lokho kukhetha neziqiwi zemvelo: izindawo lapho kungenzeka khona ukwakhiwa kodwa zenqatshwa ngoba ukulahlekelwa kwakuyobhekwa njengokukhulu kakhulu.
UGates wasebenzisa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo njengesibonelo sakhe esicacile. I-Guardian ibika ukuthi wayebhekisele kochwepheshe ababenakekela uyise, owashona ngenxa yesifo i-Alzheimer's eminyakeni eyisithupha edlule, futhi wathi okuthile kulokho kunakekelwa kwakungumuntu ongenakushintshwa. Ubuze ngokukhethekile ukuthi irobhothi kufanele lilethe izindaba zokuthi isiguli sinesifo esingelapheki, kuyilapho evuma ukuthi asikho isizathu sobuchwepheshe irobhothi elingakwazi ukukwenza lokho. Umbiko wethula lokhu njengesinqumo sikaGates mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele ihlale iholwa abantu, hhayi njengobufakazi bokuthi amasistimu amanje angakwazi ukwenza ngokuzimela uhla olugcwele lwezibopho zezokwelapha noma zokunakekela.
I-Guardian ibika ukuthi uGates uxwayise ohulumeni ukuthi abakulungele ukulinganisa umthelela we-AI. Wabhala ukuthi uhlaka lwasekhaya nolwamazwe ngamazwe ngeke lubhekane nokuvikeleka kwezwe kuphela kodwa nokuqashwa, imfundo, intela, amandla, ukhetho, ezomoya namanzi, ezempilo yomphakathi, ezezimali, ukuqiniswa komthetho, ezokuthutha, izindawo zomphakathi kanye nezinhlelo zobuchwepheshe bolwazi. UGates uqhathanise inselelo nokuhlelwa kabusha kukahulumeni wase-US ngemuva kokuhlasela kwangoSepthemba 11, ethi i-AI izodinga impendulo ebanzi kakhulu.
Umbiko uphinde uthi uGates ucele ukubambisana okuthile phakathi kwe-United States neChina njengengxenye yomzamo womhlaba wonke wokunciphisa ubungozi obuhlobene ne-AI. Abasebenzi bakhe basebenzela ukuhlela umhlangano noMongameli waseChina uXi Jinping ngoNovemba, ngokusho kweThe Guardian. Umthombo uthi uGates wagcina ukuhlangana noXi eminyakeni emithathu edlule, kodwa akuqinisekisi ukuthi umhlangano omusha uhlelelwe noma yimuphi uhulumeni owamukele uhlaka oluthile.
Kwezemfundo, i-Guardian ibika ukuthi uGates uxwayise i-AI ingaba nemiphumela ephikisanayo: ingasiza abantu bafunde okwengeziwe kuyilapho ibangela ukuthi abanye abantu bafunde kancane. Ubalule inhlolovo eyodwa yokuqala eyayihlobanisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI okusindayo nokucabanga okungahluzeki kakhulu, okunomthelela onamandla kubantu abasha. Umthombo awukhombi ngokuningiliziwe ucwaningo noma uveze imbangela.
Imininingwane yomthombo: theguardian.com ↗
Kungani kubalulekile
Isiphakamiso sifaka ukwamukelwa kwe-AI njengombuzo wokukhetha umphakathi, hhayi amandla obuchwepheshe kuphela. Umbiko we-Guardian ugqamisa ukungezwani phakathi kokusebenzisa i-AI ukuze kunwetshwe ukufinyelela nokukhiqiza kuyilapho kugcinwa izinhlobo zomsebenzi ezincike ekuthembekeni, ekuzibophezeleni nasekubeni khona komuntu. UGates uphinde waxhumanisa ukubusa kwe-AI nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, wathi kuzodingeka ukubambisana okuthile phakathi kwe-United States neChina.
Lesi siphakamiso sibalulekile ngoba sishintsha inkulumo-mpikiswano isuke ekutheni i-AI ingakwazi yini ukwenza umsebenzi iye ekutheni ukufaka esikhundleni abantu kuzolimaza okuthile okuyigugu emphakathini. Esibonelweni sikaGates, izimfanelo ezifanele azikona nje ukunemba noma isivinini. Kuhlanganisa ukuzwelana, ukwethembana, ukuziphendulela kanye nolwazi lokunakekelwa ngomunye umuntu. Lezo zimfanelo kunzima ukuzinciphisa zibe ibhentshimakhi yokusebenza kobuchwepheshe, futhi umbiko awunikezi inkomba yokuthi ohulumeni bavumile ukuthi bazilinganise noma bazivikele kanjani.
I-akhawunti ye-Guardian iphinde ibeke ukubusa kwe-AI ezindaweni eziningi zenqubomgomo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma i-AI ithinta ukuqashwa, imfundo, intela, ukhetho, impilo yomphakathi, izinhlelo zezezimali kanye nokugcinwa komthetho, izinqumo ezithathwe endaweni eyodwa zingathinta ezinye. Isibonelo, izinguquko zokuzenzakalela kwendawo yokusebenza zingaba nomthelela emalini engenayo yentela nezidingo zemfundo, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI emisebenzini yomphakathi kungase kuphakamise imibuzo mayelana nokuziphendulela nokufinyelela. Umthombo ubika isixwayiso sikaGates mayelana nalokhu bubanzi kodwa awubhali impendulo kahulumeni noma uhlelo oluthile lwesikhungo.
Indaba yokuqashwa ilandelana nakuba indaba inganikezi isibikezelo sokulahleka kwemisebenzi, uhlu lwemisebenzi evikelwe noma uhlelo lwezikhathi lokufuduka. UGates uthi imisebenzi eminingi izonyamalala unomphela, ngokusho kweThe Guardian, kodwa umbiko awuqinisekisi ngokuzimela leso sibikezelo. Ngakho-ke abafundi kufanele bahlukanise phakathi kwesixwayiso somuntu ovelele wezobuchwepheshe kanye nobufakazi obulinganisiwe mayelana nemakethe yezabasebenzi yesikhathi esizayo. I-athikili ayinikezi idatha entsha yokuqashwa, imodeli yezomnotho noma ukuhlola ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi okungenzeka ishintshe.
Impikiswano yezemfundo inomkhawulo ofanayo. Inhlolovo yokuqala exhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI enzima kakhulu nokucabanga okungabucayi kakhulu ingase ithethelele ucwaningo olwengeziwe, kodwa ngeke ngokwayo ibonise ukuthi i-AI ibangele ukuhlangana okubikiwe noma ukuthi umphumela usebenza kuwo wonke amaqembu eminyaka yobudala, izifundo noma izinhlobo zokusetshenziswa. Umbiko we-Guardian awunikezi isampula yenhlolovo, idizayini, izilinganiso noma isimo sokubuyekezwa kontanga. Lokho kungaqiniseki kubalulekile ezikoleni nasemindenini enquma ukuthi i-AI kufanele ikhawulelwe, ifundiswe njengethuluzi, noma ifakwe ekufundeni.
Isigaba esigodliwe esihlongozwayo singasebenza kunqubomgomo yomphakathi uma ohulumeni noma izinhlaka eziqeqeshiwe ziqala ukuchaza imingcele yokuzenzakalela. Imithetho enjalo ingavikela abantu abasengozini futhi ilondoloze izinhlobo zesevisi eziyigugu, kodwa futhi ingadala imibuzo enzima mayelana nezindleko, ukuqashelwa kwabasebenzi, ukufinyelela kanye nokungalingani kwempatho. Umthombo awusho ukuthi uGates wenze umthetho ohlongozwayo noma noma yisiphi isiphathimandla sicubungula umbono wakhe.
I-Interactive Mechanism: Indlela Esebenza Ngayo Ngempela
Hlola ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo ngemuva kwalokhu kuthuthukiswa ngokuhlanganyela.
Why can ethical evaluation not be reduced to one model score?
Ongakubuka ngokulandelayo
Imibuzo esemqoka engaxazululiwe eyokuthi imiphi imisebenzi, uma ikhona, engathola isivikelo esisemthethweni, ngubani onganquma, nokuthi lokho kuvikela kuzosetshenziswa kanjani. I-Guardian ibika ukuthi abasebenzi bakaGates basebenzela ukuhlela umhlangano wangoNovemba noMongameli waseChina uXi Jinping, kodwa umhlangano awuqinisekisiwe emthonjeni. Ubufakazi obucashuniwe bomphumela we-AI ekucabangeni okujulile nakho buyisiqalo, futhi umthombo awunikezi indlela enemininingwane noma imiphumela.
Inkinga yokuqala okufanele ibukwe ukuthi "umuntu obekelwe" uhlala engumgomo noma kuba isiphakamiso senqubomgomo esibambekayo. Umbiko we-Guardian unikeza izibonelo ezivela ekunakekelweni kodwa ayikho incazelo engokomthetho, indlela yokuphoqelela, imodeli yezimali noma uhlu lwemisebenzi. Noma iyiphi impikiswano engathi sína yenqubomgomo izodinga ukubhekana nokuthi ukuvikela kusebenza kuwo wonke amakhono, imisebenzi ethile, noma izimo ezihilela abantu abasengozini kanye nezinqumo eziphakeme.
Udaba lwesibili ukuthuthukiswa kokubusa kwe-AI kwamazwe ngamazwe. I-Guardian ibika ukuthi uGates ukholelwa ukuthi ukubambisana okuthile kwe-US-China kuzodingeka nokuthi abasebenzi bakhe basebenzela ukuhlela umhlangano noXi Jinping ngoNovemba. Umhlangano awuqinisekiswanga ngokuzimela ngumthombo, futhi ayikho i-ajenda noma umphumela okuxoxiwe ngawo onikeziwe. Ukubika okulandelayo kufanele kuveze ukuthi umhlangano uyenzeka yini nokuthi ingabe uveza isiphakamiso esithile esikhundleni sekholi evamile yokubambisana.
Udaba lwesithathu ubufakazi obusemuva kwezicelo mayelana ne-AI nokucabanga okujulile. Inhlolovo ecashunwe nguGates ichazwa njengesandulela. Ukulandelela okuwusizo kuzobandakanya izindlela zocwaningo, umehluko phakathi kokuhlobana kanye nembangela, izinhlobo zokusetshenziswa kwe-AI ezihloliwe, kanye nokuthi abacwaningi abazimele bayawukhiqiza yini umphumela. Ngaphandle kwalolo lwazi, okutholakele akufanele kuthathwe njenge-akhawunti elungisiwe yokuthi i-AI ibathinta kanjani abantu abasha.
Ohulumeni nabaqashi bangase futhi baphendule ngokuhlela abasebenzi, ukuqeqesha kabusha, inqubomgomo yezemfundo kanye nemithetho yokuthatha izinqumo okuzenzakalelayo. I-Guardian ibika ukuthi uGates ubona i-AI ifaneleka kuzo zonke lezi zindawo, kodwa ayizihlonzi izindlela ezintsha ezisemthethweni eziboshelwe endabeni yakhe. Umbuzo osebenzayo ukuthi izikhungo zingawuchaza yini umthwalo wemfanelo womuntu ngokucacile ngokwanele ukuwugcina lapho amathuluzi e-AI eshunyekwa ezinsizeni ezijwayelekile.
Okokugcina, abafundi kufanele babheke ukuhlukana okucacile phakathi kwamandla nokuba semthethweni. Ikhono lesistimu lokuletha ulwazi, ukuhlinzeka ngokunakekelwa noma ukwenza umsebenzi wokuqondisa alixazululi ukuthi kufanele lenze njalo, ngaphansi kwakuphi ukugadwa, noma ngayiphi indlela yokwenza amaphutha. Indatshana kaGates iphakamisa leyo mibuzo, kepha umthombo awunikezi izimpendulo noma uhlole ngokuzimela amakhono anoma yiluphi uhlelo lwe-AI.