Kwenzekeni
Amalebhu e-Frontier AI, okuhlanganisa i-Google, Anthropic, kanye ne-OpenAI, acela amatheku aphephile e-antitrust kubenzi bomthetho ukuthi axhumanise ngokusemthethweni ukuthuthukiswa kwe-AI. Lokhu kuphusha kulandela indatshana kaDario Amodei efuna ukuthi kwehliswe ukwehla kanye nesivumelwano sika-Sam Altman, okwenzeka ngemuva kokuphikisana kukaMongameli uTrump nomthetho we-AI kanye nokumiswa kweSenethi okumisiwe okuhlelelwe uSepthemba 23.
Ngokusho kweThe Washington Post, amalebhu e-AI emngceleni anxusa abenzi bomthetho ukuthi banikeze itheku eliphephile elisemthethweni ekwephuleni umthetho wokungathembeki ukuze babavumele ukuthi baxhumanise ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe be-AI bomngcele. Lesi sicelo siza njengoba uMengameli uDonald Trump ezwakalise ukungahambisani nokuqhubeka nokulawula le mboni, eveza ukukhathazeka ngeChina ngokuthola ukuhola kwezobuchwepheshe.
Ukucindezela kokucaciswa kwezomthetho kulandela indatshana yangempelasonto ka-Anthropic oyi-CEO u-Dario Amodei ephikisa ngokuthi i-U.S. kumele yehlise ijubane lokuthuthukiswa kwekhono le-AI. Isikhulu se-OpenAI uSam Altman wabe esevumelana nalo mbono ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, futhi u-Elon Musk naye wazwakalisa ukuseseka isikhundla sika-Amodei. Kodwa-ke, abaphathi bezimboni bayaqaphela ukuthi ukuxhumanisa okunjalo kunezingozi ezingokomthetho ezibalulekile ngaphandle kokuvikelwa okusemthethweni okucacile.
U-Paul Lekas, iphini likamongameli omkhulu we-Software and Information Industry Association, uthe imboni iyangabaza ukubambisana ezindaweni ezingase zisondele emgqeni wezomthetho ngenxa yezingozi ezingaba khona zokungathembeki. Uqaphele ukuthi uhlobo lokusebenzisana oluchazwe kokuthunyelwe kuka-Amodei lungadinga itheku elicacile eliphephile ukuze kugwenywe ukwephulwa komthetho.
Ephendula kulokhu kukhathazeka komkhakha, Izigele u-Adam Schiff kanye noJim Banks bethule umthethosivivinywa ozodala ukukhululwa ekungathembeki kumalebhu axhumanisa ezindabeni zokuphepha, ikakhulukazi mayelana nezimo zokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi kanye nezimo zokulahlekelwa kokulawula. Umthethosivivinywa uzodinga ukuthi amalebhu anikeze isaziso kusenesikhathi kummeli jikelele wezinhlelo zabo zokumisa imingcele ngenkathi egcina izivikelo ezimelene nemikhuba ephikisana nokuncintisana efana nokulungisa amanani.
Khonamanjalo, inqubekelaphambili yomthetho eSenate isalokhu ingaqiniseki. USihlalo weSenate Commerce u-Ted Cruz uphokophela ukuthi kubhalwe phansi umthetho we-AI ngoSepthemba 23, kodwa ubhekene nokwehlukana kwangaphakathi kweDemocratic Alliance. USenator u-Amy Klobuchar ungaphansi kwengcindezi yokwethula umthethosivivinywa 'onomsebenzi wokunakekela', kodwa uyaxwaya ukweqa uSenator u-Maria Cantwell, onokukhathazeka okukhulu ngohlaka oluhlongozwayo kanye nekhono lemboni lokuzilawula.
Imininingwane yomthombo: washingtonpost.com ↗
Kungani kubalulekile
Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kugqamisa isithiyo esibalulekile esingokomthetho sokuzilawula kwemboni. Ngaphandle kokukhululwa okucacile kwe-antitrust, ukuxhumanisa ukuphepha noma ukuhamba ngezinyawo kungase kudalule amafemu amakhulu e-AI esibophweni sezomthetho esibalulekile esivela ku-FTC noma i-DOJ. Umthethosivivinywa ohlongozwayo we-Schiff-Banks uhlose ukubhekana nalokhu ngokwakha itheku eliphephile lokusebenzelana okukhethekile kwezokuphepha, nakuba ubhekene nokumelana nezombusazwe kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zendlela mayelana nokuqoqwa kwamandla emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe.
Inkinga ewumnyombo ukungaqondakali okusemthethweni okuphathelene nokuxhumana kwemboni mayelana nokuphepha kwe-AI. U-Doug Calidas wase-Americans for Responsible Innovation wachaza ukuthi uma amalebhu evuma ukukhawulela okukhiphayo ukuze kuhambisane nomngcele, kungase kubhekwe njengokwephulwa kwe-antitrust yakudala. Itheku elivikelekile elihlongozwayo lingacacisa ukuthi ukuhlanganisa okunjalo okugxile kwezokuphepha kuvumelekile, ngaphandle nje kokuthi kungabandakanyi ukumiswa kwentengo noma ukugunyazwa kwempahla eyodwa.
Lesi sihlangu esisemthethweni sibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo zokuphepha eziholwa yimboni. Ngaphandle kwakho, izinkampani ezifana ne-Anthropic, OpenAI, kanye ne-Google zibhekene nengozi yophenyo olubanzi oluvela ku-Federal Trade Commission noma ziphoqeleke ukuthi zisayine imithetho yemvume ukuze kugwenywe ukuqulwa kwecala. Le ngozi esemthethweni ingaba yisici esiyinhloko ekungabazeni komkhakha ukwakha indikimba yokuphepha ehlangene.
Isimo sezepolitiki siyinkimbinkimbi, kulindelwe ukuhlehla kusuka kwesokunxele nakwesokudla. Owayengusihlalo we-FTC uLina Khan uxwayise ngokunikeza izinkampani zobuchwepheshe 'i-carte blanche control' phezu kwezinhlelo zokwabelana ngedatha, esho ukwakheka okugxile kakhulu kwalezi zimakethe. Ngokuphambene, abanye ochwepheshe abaqinile bokungathembeki baphikisa ngokuthi nakuba ukucaciswa kukahulumeni kulungile, ukuhlakanipha akufanele kushiywe ezinkampanini zobuchwepheshe kuphela.
Amandla ezinga 'lomsebenzi wokunakekela' kumthetho osalungiswa we-Klobuchar-Thune lengeza olunye ungqimba lobunkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kunikezwa kuzodalula amalebhu esibophweni esingokomthetho uma ehluleka ukuphatha izingozi eziyinhlekelele, okuphambene nendlela yetheku elivikelekile elingathembeki egxile ekuvumeleni ukusebenzelana esikhundleni sokugunyaza imiphumela ethile.
I-Interactive Mechanism: Indlela Esebenza Ngayo Ngempela
Hlola ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo ngemuva kwalokhu kuthuthukiswa ngokuhlanganyela.
Why can ethical evaluation not be reduced to one model score?
Ongakubuka ngokulandelayo
Buka imiphumela yekomidi leSenate Commerce Committee ngoSepthemba 23, ikakhulukazi ukuthi ukunikezwa kwe-Schiff-Banks antitrust safe port kufakiwe yini kumthethosivivinywa wokugcina. Ukwengeza, qapha izitatimende ezivela ku-FTC kanye ne-DOJ mayelana nokuma kwabo ekuxhumaneni kwemboni ngokuphepha kwe-AI, kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinyathelo zomthetho ezenziwa ngamaSenator Klobuchar noCantwell.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo esisheshayo ukumaka kweKomidi Lezentengiselwano leSenate elihlelelwe uSepthemba 23. Ukuthi u-Cruz angasivikela yini isaziso esidingekayo ngoLwesithathu nokuthi umthethosivivinywa wokugcina uhlanganisa yini izinhlinzeko zechweba elivikelekile le-antitrust kusuka kumthetho we-Schiff-Banks kuzoba yizinkomba ezibalulekile zenqubekelaphambili.
Qaphela ukuguquguquka phakathi kwamaSenatha u-Klobuchar, u-Cantwell, no-Thune. Ikhono lika-Klobuchar lokuzulazula ekungabazeni kukaCantwell mayelana nokuzilawula kwemboni kuzonquma ukuthi umthethosivivinywa 'womsebenzi wokunakekela' we-bipartisan ungaqhubekela phambili, okungenzeka uqhudelane noma ugcwalise umthetho ogxile ekungathembani.
Buka izimpendulo ezisemthethweni ezivela ku-FTC ne-DOJ. Njengoba abaholi bezimboni befuna ukucaciswa kwezomthetho, ukuma kwabaphathi mayelana nokukhipha isiqondiso noma ukusekela amachweba aphephile okusemthethweni kuzobumba indawo esemthethweni yokuxhumana kwezokuphepha kwe-AI.
Qaphela ukuthi inhlangano yokuphepha ehlongozwayo emele imboni, okuxoxwe ngayo yi-Anthropic, OpenAI, kanye ne-Google, iyenzeka. Impumelelo yalolu hlelo izoncika kakhulu ekuvikelweni okusemthethweni okuvikelwe ngenqubo yomthetho.