Kwenzekeni
Ngemva komhlangano owawuseNew York ngoSepthemba 20, uNobhala woMgcinimafa waseMelika uScott Besent kanye nePhini likaNdunankulu waseChina uHe Lifeng bamemezele ukuthi la mazwe womabili afinyelele esivumelwaneni sokuqopha izimpahla 'ezingazweli' ezindlekweni zentela ezizayo. Ukwengeza, izikhulu ziqinisekise ukusungulwa kwesiteshi sezingxoxo esisemthethweni esigxile kakhulu ekuxoxisaneni ngobuhlakani bokwenziwa. U-Bessent uchaze lo mhlangano 'njengoyimpumelelo enkulu' futhi wathi wabeka isisekelo sokugcina sengqungquthela ebaluleke kakhulu phakathi kukaMongameli uDonald Trump noMongameli Xi Jinping okuhlelwe ukuba yenze kuleli sonto. Lesi sivumelwano simele isinyathelo esibambekayo sokunciphisa ukungezwani kwezohwebo nokudala uhlaka oluhlelekile lokulawula ubungozi obuhlobene ne-AI kanye nokubambisana phakathi kwemibuso emikhulu emibili.
NgoSepthemba 20, uNobhala woMgcinimafa waseMelika uScott Bessent wahlangana nePhini likaNdunankulu waseShayina uHe Lifeng endlunkulu kaJPMorgan Chase eNew York. Ngemuva komhlangano, u-Bessent ukhulume nezintatheli, echaza izingxoxo 'njengeziphumelele kakhulu.'
Izikhulu zimemezele ukuthi i-US ne-China bavumile ukungazifaki izimpahla 'ezingazweli' ezenzweni zentela ezizayo. Le-carve-out ihloselwe ukunciphisa ukungezwani kwezohwebo futhi inikeze ukuzinza kumabhizinisi akuwo womabili la mazwe.
Umphumela obalulekile womhlangano kwaba yisivumelwano sokusungula umgudu osemthethweni wokudingida ubuhlakani bokwenziwa. Le ngxoxo yakhelwe ukubhekana nezinkinga ezihlobene ne-AI phakathi kwalezi zizwe ezimbili, okuphawula indlela entsha yesikhungo yokulawula ukuncintisana nokubambisana kwezobuchwepheshe.
U-Bessent uthe lo mhlangano ubeke isisekelo sokugcina sengqungquthela phakathi kukaMongameli uDonald Trump kanye noMongameli uXi Jinping, okuhlelwe ukuthi ibe kuleli sonto. Le ngqungquthela kulindeleke ukuthi yakhele phezu kwalezi zivumelwano zokuqala.
Imininingwane yomthombo: asia.nikkei.com ↗
Kungani kubalulekile
Le ntuthuko ibalulekile ngoba iphawula uguquko ukusuka ekuthumeni inkulumo kuya ezindleleni ezibambekayo zesikhungo zokuphatha ubudlelwano be-U.S.-China emikhakheni emibili ebalulekile: ezohwebo nobuchwepheshe. Ngokuvumelana nengxoxo ye-AI esemthethweni, zombili izizwe ziyasivuma isidingo semigudu yokuxhumana eqondile ukuze kubhekwane nokuphepha, ukuphepha, namandla okuncintisana emkhakheni we-AI, obewumthombo wokungqubuzana okukhulu kwezwe. Ukukhishwa kwentela yezimpahla 'ezingazweli' kunikeza ukukhululeka kwezomnotho ngokushesha kanye nokubikezelwa kwamabhizinisi asebenza kuzo zombili izimakethe, kunciphisa ingcuphe yokuphazamiseka okwengeziwe kwezohwebo. Lesi sivumelwano sibeka inkundla yengqungquthela ezayo ye-Trump-Xi, okungenzeka ivumele izingxoxo ezibanzi mayelana nenqubomgomo yezohwebo nobuchwepheshe. Ukusungulwa kwesiteshi esizinikele se-AI kuphawuleka ngokukhethekile njengoba kuphakamisa ukuzimisela ukuzibandakanya ezingxoxweni zobuchwepheshe nezenqubomgomo ezingase zibe nomthelela kumazinga omhlaba wokuphatha we-AI futhi zinciphise ubungozi bezingxabano ngengozi noma ukungahambisani kahle nokulawula.
Isivumelwano sokusungula inkhulumomphendvulwano ye-AI esemthethweni siyisinyathelo esibalulekile ebudlelwaneni base-US-China, njengoba sakha indlela ezinikele yokubhekana nezingozi namathuba ahlobene ne-AI. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe be-AI kanye nomthelela wabo ongaba khona ekuvikelekeni kwezwe kanye nokuncintisana kwezomnotho.
Ukukhishwa kwentela yezimpahla 'ezingazweli' kunikeza izinzuzo zezomnotho ngokushesha ngokunciphisa izindleko zohwebo phakathi kweminotho emibili emikhulu emhlabeni. Lokhu kungasiza ukuzinzisa amaketanga okuhlinzeka futhi kunciphise ingcindezi yokwehla kwamandla emali.
Umhlangano oyimpumelelo phakathi kuka-Bessent no-He Lifeng ubonisa ukuzimisela ukuzibandakanya ezingxoxweni ezakhayo, ezibalulekile ekulawuleni ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi futhi obuvame ukuxabana phakathi kwe-U.S. ne-China. Lokhu kungaholela ekubambisaneni okwengeziwe kwezinye izindaba, njengokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nempilo yomhlaba wonke.
Ingqungquthela ezayo kaTrump-Xi kulindeleke ukuthi ibe yisikhathi esibucayi kubudlelwano be-US-China. Izivumelwano ezifinyelelwe eNew York zinikeza isisekelo sengqungquthela, okungenzeka zivumele izingxoxo ezibanzi mayelana nezohwebo, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nezindaba zezwe.
I-Interactive Mechanism: Indlela Esebenza Ngayo Ngempela
Hlola ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo ngemuva kwalokhu kuthuthukiswa ngokuhlanganyela.
Why can ethical evaluation not be reduced to one model score?
Ongakubuka ngokulandelayo
Okugxilwe kakhulu kufanele kube engqungqutheleni ezayo ye-Trump-Xi, lapho lezi zivumelwano zokuqala zingase zenziwe zibe semthethweni noma zandiswe. Abahlaziyi kufanele baqaphe imininingwane ethile yohlu lwezimpahla 'ezingazweli' ukuze baqonde ububanzi bokukhululwa kwentela. Ukwengeza, ukwakheka kanye negunya lesiteshi sengxoxo ye-AI kuzobaluleka; kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ihlanganisa ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe, abenzi benqubomgomo, noma kokubili, nokuthi ingabe ikhuluma ngezinkinga ezithile ezifana nokuphepha kwemodeli, ukwabelana ngedatha, noma izilawuli zokuthumela ngaphandle, kuzonquma ukusebenza kwayo. Ukusabela kwabanye ababambiqhaza bomhlaba wonke, okuhlanganisa ne-European Union namanye amazwe ase-Asia, kulesi sivumelwano samazwe amabili nakho kuzoba okubalulekile, njengoba kungase kube nomthelela ezindleleni ezibanzi zamazwe ngamazwe ekubuseni kwe-AI kanye nenqubomgomo yezohwebo.
Umphumela wengqungquthela kaTrump-Xi uzobhekwa ngeso lokhozi, njengoba kulindeleke ukuthi yakhele phezu kwezivumelwano okufinyelelwe kuzo eNew York. Le ngqungquthela ingase ibangele ezinye izivumelwano zohwebo, izivumelwano zobuchwepheshe, noma ukuqondana kwe-geopolitical.
Imininingwane eqondile yohlu lwezimpahla 'ezingazweli' izobaluleka ukuze uqonde ububanzi bokukhululwa kwentela. Amabhizinisi nabatshalizimali bazobe befuna ukucaca ukuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo efakwe ku-carve-out.
Ukwakheka kanye negunya lesiteshi sengxoxo ye-AI kuzobaluleka. Ukuthi ihlanganisa ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe, abenzi benqubomgomo, noma bobabili, nokuthi ingabe ikhuluma ngezinkinga ezithile ezifana nokuphepha kwemodeli, ukwabelana ngedatha, noma izilawuli zokuthumela ngaphandle, kuzonquma ukusebenza kwayo.
Ukusabela kwabanye ababambiqhaza bomhlaba wonke, okuhlanganisa ne-European Union namanye amazwe ase-Asia, kulesi sivumelwano samazwe amabili nakho kuzoba okubalulekile. Impendulo yabo ingase ibe nomthelela ezindleleni ezibanzi zamazwe ngamazwe ekubuseni kwe-AI kanye nenqubomgomo yezohwebo.