HyDE تضمينات المستندات الافتراضية

HyDE was proposed by Gao and colleagues in 2022 for dense retrieval without relevance labels. It asks an instruction-following language model to generate a hypothetical answer document, embeds that text with an unsupervised contrastive encoder such as Contriever, and searches the actual corpus for similar vectors. The hypothetical document can supply document-like topical patterns even when its details are false. The paper describes the dense encoder as a bottleneck that can reduce the influence of invented details; this is not a guarantee that errors never affect retrieval. Evaluate real retrieved passages rather than treating the generated text as factual evidence. HyDE targets a query-to-document mismatch and reported strong results on tested tasks and languages, without implying universal superiority over trained retrievers.