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Bayesian deep learning represents uncertainty over model parameters or predictions instead of reporting only one fixed-weight output.
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These distributions can help quantify uncertainty, but confidence estimates must be evaluated and are not automatically calibrated.
A standard neural network learns one parameter setting, whereas a Bayesian neural network places a posterior distribution over weights and forms predictions by averaging across plausible settings. Exact posterior inference is usually intractable for large networks, so methods such as variational inference approximate the posterior by optimizing a tractable distribution, while Markov chain Monte Carlo samples it. Monte Carlo dropout keeps dropout active during inference and aggregates repeated predictions under a Bayesian approximation. Bayesian prediction can represent uncertainty but does not itself guarantee calibrated probabilities, out-of-distribution detection, or safe behavior.
Use multiple posterior samples to estimate how model predictions vary for an input.
Compare epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty when analyzing model errors.
Test calibration on held-out examples before interpreting probabilities as confidence.
Use uncertainty estimates as one input to a review policy, while measuring errors on the target task.
Bayesian approximations trade computational cost against uncertainty estimates. Deep ensembles and post-hoc calibration methods are alternative tools, not interchangeable guarantees. Choose methods and thresholds based on target data, decision costs, and held-out evaluation.
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Bayesian deep learning represents uncertainty over model parameters or predictions instead of reporting only one fixed-weight output. These distributions can help quantify uncertainty, but confidence estimates must be evaluated and are not automatically calibrated.
Jaringan Bayesian mempelajari distribusi bobot, menangkap ketidakpastian tentang nilai sebenarnya, bukan estimasi satu titik.
A posterior over weights can induce a predictive distribution that reflects model uncertainty. The resulting probabilities still need evaluation; Bayesian inference alone does not guarantee calibration.
Epistemic uncertainty may decline as relevant, representative observations constrain the model, under the chosen model and data assumptions; adding arbitrary or mismatched data need not reduce it.
Menghitung distribusi posterior sebenarnya pada banyak bobot jaringan tidak mungkin dilakukan, jadi metode perkiraan malah memperkirakannya.
Dropout MC membiarkan dropout aktif selama inferensi dan menjalankan beberapa forward pass; variabilitas dalam prediksi mendekati ketidakpastian epistemik.
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