Déggoo bu Conseil bu Europe ci IA

The Convention was negotiated by the Council of Europe's Committee on Artificial Intelligence (CAI). The Council of Europe's 46 member states took part, along with the European Union and observer countries such as the United States, Canada, Japan, Israel and Australia. The Committee of Ministers adopted the text on 17 May 2024, and it opened for signature in Vilnius on 5 September 2024. The first signatories included the United Kingdom, the United States, the EU, Norway, Israel, Iceland, Georgia, Moldova, Andorra and San Marino, and other states signed later. It comes into force after five ratifications, of which at least three must be Council of Europe member states. The treaty sets general principles rather than detailed technical rules. The principles are human dignity and individual autonomy, equality and non-discrimination, privacy and personal data protection, transparency and oversight, accountability and responsibility, reliability, and safe innovation. Parties must also provide remedies. That means documenting relevant information about AI systems, letting people challenge decisions, offering procedural safeguards, and telling people when they are dealing with an AI system. The scope is a compromise. The treaty applies fully to public authorities and to private actors acting on their behalf. For the rest of the private sector, each party can apply the treaty's obligations directly or take other appropriate measures. Activities to protect national security are excluded, as are matters of national defence and research and development on systems not yet made available for use. A common misconception is that the treaty is a copy of the EU AI Act. The AI Act is an EU regulation that sorts systems into risk tiers and sets product-safety style obligations. The Convention is an international human-rights instrument. The EU signed it and relies mainly on the AI Act and existing EU law to meet its duties.