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Montana Right to Compute Act

Montana enacted Senate Bill 212 as the Right to Compute Act (Chapter 150, Laws of 2025), effective immediately upon passage.

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最終更新日 2026年9月26日

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概要
ディープダイブ
戦略的影響
The Future of Montana Right to Compute Act
現実世界の実装
リスクとガードレール
実装ロードマップ
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よくある質問

概要

It declares a state constitutional interest in owning and using computational resources, limits government restrictions under a strict-scrutiny-like standard, and imposes a separate risk-policy duty for AI-controlled critical infrastructure facilities.

ディープダイブ

Montana SB 212 became Chapter 150 of the 2025 Session Laws and created Montana Code Annotated Title 2, Chapter 10, Part 2. The Act’s findings connect the ability to acquire, possess and protect property and freedom of expression under the Montana Constitution with a right to own and use technological tools, including computational resources. The Act’s title also signals a narrower operational obligation involving critical infrastructure facilities controlled by AI. Section 2-10-204 provides that a governmental entity may not restrict or prohibit a person from acquiring, possessing or using computational resources for a lawful purpose unless the action is demonstrably necessary and narrowly tailored to further a compelling government interest. This is a statutory standard for government action; it is not a universal immunity from generally applicable laws, and it does not create an unrestricted right to use computing for unlawful conduct. Section 2-10-205 separately requires a deployer that controls, in whole or in part, a critical infrastructure facility through a critical artificial intelligence system to develop a reasonable risk-management policy after deploying the system. The policy must consider the latest NIST AI Risk Management Framework, ISO/IEC 42001 or another nationally or internationally recognized AI risk-management framework. Definitions and exclusions are important: the Act contains a carveout for certain natural-language systems that provide information, referrals, recommendations, answers or content when subject to an acceptable-use policy prohibiting unlawful content. The Act was effective immediately, unlike a future-effective proposal. It should be read as a limited state statute, not a general national AI governance code.

技術的な洞察

Apply the Act in two stages. First, for a government restriction, identify the governmental actor, the computational resource, whether the purpose is lawful, and the necessity and tailoring evidence. The statute’s text does not eliminate other constitutional, safety or criminal rules. Second, for the facility duty, map the facility against statutory critical-infrastructure categories and determine whether a critical AI system controls it in whole or part. Evaluate each statutory definition before treating a model as covered. If covered, the required policy is developed after deployment and must be reasonable and consider one of the listed recognized frameworks. A policy that simply names NIST without assessing facility-specific hazards would provide weak evidence of consideration. Record system boundaries, failure modes, human intervention, incident response, testing and review cadence. This implementation detail is a prudent way to substantiate a reasonable policy, though the Act’s text should control over any voluntary checklist. Keep statutory requirements distinct from broad policy statements about a general right to compute.

戦略的影響

リスクと安全性

AI による壊滅的な被害も日常的な被害も、誰がリスクを理解し、誰が行動できるかにかかっています。

より明確な判決

国民と専門家のリテラシーは、強力な安全政策が政治的に可能かどうかを左右します。

誇大広告を打ち破る

明確な説明は、誇大広告、研究室の PR、曖昧な倫理劇場に囚われることを減らします。

The Future of Montana Right to Compute Act

The Right to Compute Act has been law since 2025. Montana Code Annotated 2025 provides the current codification. Operators should recheck definitions and future amendments, especially if facilities adopt AI control functions or state agencies propose restrictions on compute access. Keep dated copies of the official code and regulator materials used for decisions. Reassess when a statute changes, a new rule takes effect, a vendor adds a feature, or the system begins influencing a different class of decision. Revisit the assessment when facility-control functions or threat conditions change.

現実世界の実装

A state agency reviewing a proposed restriction on lawful computing identifies the compelling government interest and whether the restriction is demonstrably necessary and narrowly tailored.

A data-center operator determines whether its facility meets the statutory critical-infrastructure and AI-control definitions.

A covered deployer creates a post-deployment risk-management policy considering current NIST AI RMF or ISO/IEC 42001 guidance.

A product team documents why a conversational system with an acceptable-use policy may fall outside the defined critical-AI category.

リスクとガードレール

能力が複雑になる一方で、実存的なリスクを SF として扱います。
高度な自律性の下での調整による表面製品の安全性を混乱させる。
英語以外や専門家ではない聴衆には、低品質の情報源しか提供されません。

実装ロードマップ

製品の危害、誤使用、制御不能/調整不良のリスクを分離します。
どのような証拠がタイムラインと重大度についてのあなたの見方を変えるかを尋ねてください。
マーケティング上の主張よりも、一次情報源と具体的な評価を優先します。
意識だけでなく、キャリア、政策、資金、スキルなど、行動経路を 1 つ特定します。

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よくある質問

What is Montana Right to Compute Act?

Montana enacted Senate Bill 212 as the Right to Compute Act (Chapter 150, Laws of 2025), effective immediately upon passage. It declares a state constitutional interest in owning and using computational resources, limits government restrictions under a strict-scrutiny-like standard, and imposes a separate risk-policy duty for AI-controlled critical infrastructure facilities.

Which Montana measure created the Right to Compute Act?

Montana’s 2025 Session Laws identify Chapter 150 as SB212 creating the Right to Compute Act.

What standard does MCA §2-10-204 state for a government restriction on lawful computing?

Section 2-10-204 sets the demonstrably necessary, narrowly tailored, compelling-interest standard.

Which actor has the risk-policy duty for covered critical infrastructure?

Section 2-10-205 places the duty on the deployer controlling a qualifying facility through critical AI.

When must the covered deployer develop its risk-management policy?

The statute expressly directs policy development after deployment.

Which framework may inform the required policy?

The Act lists NIST AI RMF, ISO/IEC 42001, or another recognized national or international AI risk framework.

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