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US Presidential Executive Orders on AI

US presidential executive orders on AI are directives from the President telling federal agencies how to research, use, buy and oversee artificial intelligence.

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最終更新日 2026年9月15日

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概要
ディープダイブ
戦略的影響
The Future of US Presidential Executive Orders on AI
現実世界の実装
リスクとガードレール
実装ロードマップ
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よくある質問

概要

The main ones are EO 13859 (2019), EO 14110 (2023), and EO 14179 (2025), which followed the revocation of EO 14110. They matter because, with no comprehensive federal AI law, these orders have been the main way Washington sets national AI policy, and each new administration can undo the last one's.

ディープダイブ

An executive order is not a statute. It directs the executive branch, and it can reach private companies only when it rests on authority Congress already granted. It also lasts only as long as a President keeps it in place. That explains how US AI policy has swung back and forth. EO 13859, 'Maintaining American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence,' was signed in February 2019 during President Trump's first term and launched the American AI Initiative. It told agencies to prioritize AI research funding, make federal data and computing more available to researchers, and train the workforce. It also directed OMB to write guidance on regulating AI and NIST to plan technical standards. EO 13960, signed in December 2020, set principles for trustworthy government use of AI and started agency use-case inventories. EO 14110, signed by President Biden on October 30, 2023, was far broader. It invoked the Defense Production Act to require developers of the most powerful dual-use foundation models to report safety test (red-team) results and training details to the Commerce Department. It asked NIST to develop evaluation guidance, and NIST created the US AI Safety Institute, later renamed the Center for AI Standards and Innovation. It also pushed guidance on labeling synthetic content and told OMB to set governance rules for agencies, which became memo M-24-10. On January 20, 2025, President Trump revoked EO 14110. Days later EO 14179, 'Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence,' ordered an AI Action Plan. OMB replaced its guidance in April 2025. America's AI Action Plan was released in July 2025 alongside orders on data center permitting, AI exports and 'unbiased' AI in federal procurement. A common misconception is that revoking EO 14110 wiped out all federal AI governance. Agency inventories, Chief AI Officers and NIST's work continued in revised forms.

技術的な洞察

The legal hook matters more than the headline. Most AI executive orders bind only agencies. They work through OMB memos, procurement rules, and NIST standards that agencies then adopt. EO 14110 was unusual because it used Defense Production Act authority to require information from private developers. It set the reporting trigger by training compute, roughly 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, with a lower threshold for models trained mainly on biological sequence data. Compute thresholds were chosen because they can be measured before a model's capabilities are known. Critics argued they go out of date as training gets more efficient. For practitioners, the lasting artifacts are the implementing documents, not the order itself. That means OMB memos like M-24-10 and its 2025 replacements M-25-21 and M-25-22, NIST's AI Risk Management Framework, and agency use-case inventories. Compliance teams should track those, because an order can be revoked in a day while the procurement clauses it produced may persist in existing contracts.

戦略的影響

リスクと安全性

AI による壊滅的な被害も日常的な被害も、誰がリスクを理解し、誰が行動できるかにかかっています。

より明確な判決

国民と専門家のリテラシーは、強力な安全政策が政治的に可能かどうかを左右します。

誇大広告を打ち破る

明確な説明は、誇大広告、研究室の PR、曖昧な倫理劇場に囚われることを減らします。

The Future of US Presidential Executive Orders on AI

Federal AI policy will likely keep shifting with administrations until Congress passes durable legislation, and no comprehensive AI statute has passed so far. Expect continued use of procurement rules, export controls and infrastructure policy as the main levers, since those rest on existing authority. The relationship between federal action and state AI laws is now a live legal question, and courts may define how far executive preemption efforts can reach. Organizations should treat executive orders as signals of direction and watch the implementing guidance, which is where concrete obligations appear.

現実世界の実装

A federal agency names a Chief AI Officer and publishes an inventory of its AI use cases, as White House and OMB guidance under these orders has required.

In 2024, companies training frontier models above a very large compute threshold faced reporting obligations to the Commerce Department under EO 14110, which relied on the Defense Production Act.

A procurement officer at a federal agency rewrites contract language for a chatbot purchase after new OMB memos in 2025 replaced the Biden-era guidance on buying AI.

A state legislator follows a late-2025 executive order directing federal action against state AI laws the administration considers burdensome, and weighs whether their own state's bill could be challenged.

リスクとガードレール

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実装ロードマップ

製品の危害、誤使用、制御不能/調整不良のリスクを分離します。
どのような証拠がタイムラインと重大度についてのあなたの見方を変えるかを尋ねてください。
マーケティング上の主張よりも、一次情報源と具体的な評価を優先します。
意識だけでなく、キャリア、政策、資金、スキルなど、行動経路を 1 つ特定します。

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よくある質問

What is US Presidential Executive Orders on AI?

US presidential executive orders on AI are directives from the President telling federal agencies how to research, use, buy and oversee artificial intelligence. The main ones are EO 13859 (2019), EO 14110 (2023), and EO 14179 (2025), which followed the revocation of EO 14110. They matter because, with no comprehensive federal AI law, these orders have been the main way Washington sets national AI policy, and each new administration can undo the last one's.

Which executive order launched the American AI Initiative in 2019?

EO 13859, 'Maintaining American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence,' was signed in February 2019 and launched the American AI Initiative focused on research, data access, standards and workforce.

What legal authority did EO 14110 rely on to require frontier model developers to report safety test results?

EO 14110 invoked the Defense Production Act, which let it compel information from private companies rather than only directing agencies.

How was the reporting threshold for the most powerful models defined under EO 14110?

The order used training compute as the trigger because it can be measured before capabilities are known, with a lower threshold for models trained mainly on biological sequence data.

What happened to EO 14110 on January 20, 2025?

President Trump revoked EO 14110 on his first day back in office, and EO 14179 soon ordered a new AI Action Plan.

What did EO 14179 direct the administration to produce?

EO 14179, 'Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence,' ordered an AI Action Plan, which was released in July 2025.

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