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Fundamentals

Diffusion Models

Diffusion models generate images by learning to reverse a noising process, turning random static into detailed pictures step by step.

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Fundamentals

Few-Shot Learning

Few-shot learning is the ability to learn a new task from just a handful of examples instead of thousands.

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Fundamentals

Embeddings

Embeddings turn words, images, or other data into lists of numbers (vectors) so that similar things end up close together in a high-dimensional space.

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Fundamentals

Tokenization

Tokenization is the step that chops text into smaller pieces called tokens, the units a language model actually reads and predicts.

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Fundamentals

Feature Engineering

Feature engineering is the craft of turning raw data into informative inputs (features) that help a model learn.

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Fundamentals

Decision Trees and Random Forests

A decision tree makes predictions by asking a series of simple yes/no questions, like a flowchart.

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Fundamentals

Support Vector Machines

A support vector machine (SVM) is a classic algorithm that separates two groups by drawing the widest possible boundary between them.

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Fundamentals

Dimensionality Reduction

Dimensionality reduction shrinks data from many columns (features) down to a few while keeping the important structure.

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Fundamentals

Transfer Learning

Transfer learning reuses a model already trained on a large dataset and adapts it to a new, related task.

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Fundamentals

Self-Supervised Learning

Self-supervised learning trains models on unlabeled data by inventing a task whose answer is hidden inside the data itself.

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Fundamentals

Semi-Supervised Learning

Semi-supervised learning trains on a small amount of labeled data plus a large pool of unlabeled data.

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Fundamentals

Anomaly Detection

Anomaly detection is the practice of teaching machines to flag data points that deviate sharply from normal patterns.

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