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Language AI

ColBERT Late Interaction Retrieval

ColBERT is a retrieval model that represents each query and document as many token-level vectors and scores them with a fine-grained 'late interaction' step.

2 min readRead
Language AI

Maximum Marginal Relevance

Maximum Marginal Relevance (MMR) is a re-ranking method that balances how relevant a result is against how different it is from results already chosen.

2 min readRead
Language AI

Self-RAG and Reflective Retrieval

Self-RAG is a framework where a language model decides when to retrieve, then critiques both the retrieved passages and its own output using special…

2 min readRead
Language AI

GraphRAG Knowledge Graphs

GraphRAG enhances retrieval-augmented generation by building a knowledge graph of entities and relationships from a document collection, then retrieving over…

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Language AI

Skeleton-of-Thought Parallel Decoding

Skeleton-of-Thought (SoT) is a prompting and decoding technique that first asks a language model to outline a brief skeleton of answer points, then expands…

2 min readRead
Language AI

Chain-of-Verification for Hallucination Reduction

Chain-of-Verification (CoVe) is a prompting method where a model drafts an answer, generates its own fact-checking questions, answers them independently…

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Language AI

Entity Linking and Disambiguation

Entity linking maps mentions of names in text to unique entries in a knowledge base, deciding, for example, whether 'Paris' means the city or the person.

2 min readRead
Language AI

Logit Lens and Intermediate Layer Decoding

The logit lens is an interpretability trick that decodes a transformer's hidden states at every layer into vocabulary predictions, letting you watch a guess…

2 min readRead
Language AI

Induction Heads in Transformers

Induction heads are attention heads that implement a simple but powerful copy rule: 'I saw [A][B] earlier, and now I see [A] again, so predict [B].

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Language AI

Position Interpolation for Context Extension

Position Interpolation (PI) is a technique that stretches a language model's usable context window far beyond its training length by rescaling positional…

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Language AI

YaRN Context Window Scaling

YaRN (Yet another RoPE extensioN) is a technique that stretches a transformer's usable context window far beyond what it was trained on, with minimal…

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Language AI

Jamba Hybrid Transformer-Mamba Models

Jamba is a large language model from AI21 Labs that interleaves Transformer attention layers with Mamba state-space layers (plus mixture-of-experts) to get…

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