AI Foundations
Understand what AI is, how systems learn, where they fail, and how to judge claims without hype.
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155 plain-English guides, structured learning paths, and an open library — built by an independent 501(c)(3) nonprofit so anyone can understand modern AI.
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Each course includes explicit outcomes, mapped competencies, practice activities, and an applied capstone.
Understand what AI is, how systems learn, where they fail, and how to judge claims without hype.
Use AI productively while protecting privacy, checking outputs, and preserving human accountability.
Evaluate workplace use cases, run safe pilots, measure value, and communicate changes responsibly.
Analyze AI systems through rights, equity, governance, safety, and public-interest outcomes.
Understand language models, retrieval, agents, evaluation, cost, and deployment safeguards through practical system design.
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Word2Vec is a 2013 technique from Google that learns dense word vectors by predicting words from their neighbors, turning language into geometry where…
Language AIGloVe (Global Vectors for Word Representation) is a 2014 Stanford embedding method that learns word vectors directly from global co-occurrence counts across…
Language AIFastText is a 2016 Facebook AI method that represents each word as a bag of character n-grams, so it can build vectors even for words it never saw during…
Language AIELMo (Embeddings from Language Models) was a 2018 breakthrough that gave each word a representation shaped by its sentence, so 'bank' in 'river bank' differs…
Language AIMatryoshka Representation Learning (MRL) trains embeddings so the most important information is packed into the first dimensions, letting you truncate a long…
Language AIColBERT represents each document and query as many token-level vectors instead of one, then scores relevance by matching every query token to its best…
Language AIConstituency parsing breaks a sentence into nested phrases like noun phrases and verb phrases, revealing its grammatical structure as a tree.
Language AIStemming and lemmatization both reduce words to a base form so that 'running', 'ran', and 'runs' can be treated as one concept.
Language AIBag-of-words turns text into word counts ignoring order, and TF-IDF weights those counts so rare, distinctive words matter more than common ones.
Language AITwo ways neural models compare text: bi-encoders embed each piece separately for fast search, while cross-encoders read both texts together for higher…
Language AITwo strategies for shrinking text: extractive summarization copies the most important sentences verbatim, while abstractive summarization writes new…
Language AIProcess supervision rewards a model for every correct step in a chain of reasoning, not just the final answer.
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