AI Foundations
Understand what AI is, how systems learn, where they fail, and how to judge claims without hype.
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Understand what AI is, how systems learn, where they fail, and how to judge claims without hype.
Use AI productively while protecting privacy, checking outputs, and preserving human accountability.
Evaluate workplace use cases, run safe pilots, measure value, and communicate changes responsibly.
Analyze AI systems through rights, equity, governance, safety, and public-interest outcomes.
Understand language models, retrieval, agents, evaluation, cost, and deployment safeguards through practical system design.
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Chain-of-Verification (CoVe) is a prompting method where a model drafts an answer, generates its own fact-checking questions, answers them independently…
Language AIEntity linking maps mentions of names in text to unique entries in a knowledge base, deciding, for example, whether 'Paris' means the city or the person.
ApplicationsAI sign language translation uses computer vision and machine learning to turn signed languages like ASL into text or speech, and sometimes the reverse.
ApplicationsVisual speech recognition uses AI to read lips, predicting spoken words from the movement of a person's mouth, jaw, and face, sometimes without any audio.
ApplicationsAI crop yield prediction forecasts how much a field or region will harvest by learning from satellite imagery, weather, and soil data.
Language AIThe logit lens is an interpretability trick that decodes a transformer's hidden states at every layer into vocabulary predictions, letting you watch a guess…
Language AIInduction heads are attention heads that implement a simple but powerful copy rule: 'I saw [A][B] earlier, and now I see [A] again, so predict [B].
Language AIPosition Interpolation (PI) is a technique that stretches a language model's usable context window far beyond its training length by rescaling positional…
Language AIYaRN (Yet another RoPE extensioN) is a technique that stretches a transformer's usable context window far beyond what it was trained on, with minimal…
Language AIJamba is a large language model from AI21 Labs that interleaves Transformer attention layers with Mamba state-space layers (plus mixture-of-experts) to get…
Language AIThe Chinchilla scaling laws, from DeepMind in 2022, showed that most large language models were badly undertrained: for a fixed compute budget, you should…
IndustriesAI helps dairy farmers monitor every cow individually—tracking milk yield, health, fertility, and feeding—turning herds of hundreds into precisely managed…
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