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Los LLM de peso abierto publican los pesos de sus modelos entrenados, para que una empresa pueda descargarlos, modificarlos y ejecutarlos por sí misma.
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Proprietary LLMs are used through a vendor's API or product under commercial terms. The choice trades control, customization and possible cost savings against the convenience, top-tier quality and support of a managed service, and it has real legal and operational consequences.
The first distinction is vocabulary. Most so-called open-source LLMs are more precisely open-weight. The trained parameters can be downloaded, but the training data, and often the full training code, are not released. In 2024 the Open Source Initiative published an Open Source AI Definition that asks for more than weights, and many popular models do not meet it. For a business, what matters is the license text itself. Licenses vary widely. Mistral 7B was released under the permissive Apache 2.0 license, and DeepSeek released R1 under the MIT license. Meta's Llama models use a custom community license. It permits commercial use but requires companies above 700 million monthly active users to get a separate license from Meta, and it includes an acceptable use policy. Google's Gemma models have their own terms. Read each license's restrictions on use cases and attribution, and check whether outputs may be used to train other models. Proprietary models, such as OpenAI's GPT family, Anthropic's Claude and Google's Gemini, are accessed through APIs, consumer products or cloud platforms. They have often led on the hardest benchmarks. They come with enterprise agreements, support and safety tooling, and you have no infrastructure to manage. The tradeoff is less control. The vendor can change prices, update behavior or retire model versions on its own schedule. On data control, self-hosting an open model keeps data in your own environment. Proprietary models are also offered through cloud platforms with regional hosting, and many providers state that business API data is not used for training by default. Check this in the contract rather than assuming it. On cost, open weights avoid per-token fees but add infrastructure and staff costs. Many companies end up with a hybrid: proprietary models for demanding tasks, and open models for high-volume, sensitive or specialized ones.
A healthcare software firm fine-tunes an open-weight model and runs it inside its own cloud account, so patient data never leaves infrastructure it controls.
A marketing agency uses a proprietary frontier model through an API for client copy. It needs top writing quality and has no staff to run GPUs.
A large consumer app has its lawyers review the Llama license before adopting the model, because the license sets special terms for companies with very large monthly user counts.
An enterprise uses a proprietary model through its existing cloud provider, for example Claude on Amazon Bedrock. That keeps billing, access controls and regional data settings on one platform.
The quality gap between the best open-weight and proprietary models has narrowed at times and widened at others, so neither side should be assumed to stay ahead. Regulation, including the EU AI Act, is adding documentation duties for model providers and, for some uses, the businesses that deploy them, and licenses may change in response. Tools that make models interchangeable are maturing, which lowers switching costs and favors hybrid strategies. For most businesses the lasting advice is to keep the choice reversible. Evaluate on your own data, read licenses and contracts closely, and avoid dependencies that make it expensive to leave a vendor or a model family.
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Open-weight LLMs publish their trained model weights, so a business can download, modify and run them itself. Proprietary LLMs are used through a vendor's API or product under commercial terms. The choice trades control, customization and possible cost savings against the convenience, top-tier quality and support of a managed service, and it has real legal and operational consequences.
Los modelos de peso abierto publican sus parámetros, pero normalmente no sus datos de entrenamiento ni su proceso de entrenamiento completo. Es por eso que muchos no cumplen con definiciones más estrictas de código abierto.
La licencia Llama permite el uso comercial pero establece un umbral de 700 millones de usuarios activos mensuales, por encima del cual se requiere una licencia independiente de Meta. También incluye una política de uso aceptable.
Mistral 7B se lanzó bajo Apache 2.0, una licencia permisiva que permite el uso comercial y la modificación con pocas restricciones.
Depender de un proveedor significa renunciar al control sobre los precios, las actualizaciones de modelos y los plazos de desuso. Ésa es la principal compensación entre conveniencia y calidad.
Muchos proveedores afirman que los datos de la API empresarial no se utilizan para la formación de forma predeterminada, pero los términos difieren y cambian. El contrato es la fuente confiable.
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