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Technical

Superposition and Polysemanticity in AI Interpretability

Learn superposition and polysemanticity in AI interpretability: why models pack features into shared directions, why neurons become polysemantic…

2 min readRead
Technical

Logit Lens and Tuned Lens

The logit lens and tuned lens are interpretability techniques that peek at a transformer's hidden states layer by layer to see what the model is 'thinking'…

2 min readRead
Language AI

Word2Vec Skip-Gram and CBOW

Word2Vec is a 2013 technique from Google that learns dense word vectors by predicting words from their neighbors, turning language into geometry where…

2 min readRead
Language AI

GloVe Global Vectors

GloVe (Global Vectors for Word Representation) is a 2014 Stanford embedding method that learns word vectors directly from global co-occurrence counts across…

2 min readRead
Language AI

FastText Subword Embeddings

FastText is a 2016 Facebook AI method that represents each word as a bag of character n-grams, so it can build vectors even for words it never saw during…

2 min readRead
Technical

DeepSpeed and Megatron Training Stacks

DeepSpeed (Microsoft) and Megatron-LM (NVIDIA) are the software stacks that make training models with billions of parameters across thousands of GPUs…

2 min readRead
Technical

1-Bit and Ternary BitNet Models

BitNet is Microsoft's line of research showing that large language models can be trained with weights restricted to just 1 bit, or three values…

2 min readRead
Technical

GPTQ and AWQ Post-Training Quantization

GPTQ and AWQ are two leading methods for shrinking already-trained language models to 4-bit precision so they run on cheaper, smaller hardware.

2 min readRead
Language AI

ELMo Contextual Embeddings

ELMo (Embeddings from Language Models) was a 2018 breakthrough that gave each word a representation shaped by its sentence, so 'bank' in 'river bank' differs…

2 min readRead
Language AI

Matryoshka Representation Embeddings

Matryoshka Representation Learning (MRL) trains embeddings so the most important information is packed into the first dimensions, letting you truncate a long…

2 min readRead
Language AI

ColBERT and Multi-Vector Retrieval

ColBERT represents each document and query as many token-level vectors instead of one, then scores relevance by matching every query token to its best…

2 min readRead
Visual AI

Null-Text Inversion

Null-text inversion is a technique that lets you edit a real photo with a text-driven diffusion model like Stable Diffusion while keeping everything you…

2 min readRead

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