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Technical

Linear Probing and Frozen Feature Evaluation

Linear probing tests how good a pretrained model's internal representations are by freezing the network and training only a simple linear classifier on top.

2 min readRead
Language AI

Speculative Sampling Verification

Speculative sampling speeds up large language model generation by letting a small 'draft' model guess several tokens ahead, then having the big model verify…

2 min readRead
Language AI

Entropy-Based Sampling

Entropy-based sampling adapts how an LLM picks its next token based on how uncertain the model is at that moment.

2 min readRead
Technical

DenseNet and Dense Connectivity

DenseNet is a convolutional network where every layer receives the feature maps of all preceding layers as input.

2 min readRead
Technical

Bottleneck Architectures

A bottleneck architecture squeezes data through a narrow intermediate layer before expanding it again, forcing the network to learn compact, efficient…

2 min readRead
Technical

Gradient Accumulation

Gradient accumulation lets you simulate a large batch size on limited GPU memory by summing gradients over several small mini-batches before updating…

2 min readRead
Fundamentals

Early Stopping

Early stopping is a regularization technique that halts model training the moment performance on held-out validation data stops improving.

2 min readRead
Technical

Teacher Forcing in Sequence Models

Teacher forcing is a training trick for sequence models where the true previous token, not the model's own guess, is fed in as the next input.

2 min readRead
Technical

Scheduled Sampling and Exposure Bias

Exposure bias is the gap that appears when a model trained only on perfect prefixes must, at inference, condition on its own imperfect outputs.

2 min readRead
Technical

Focal Loss for Imbalanced Detection

Focal loss is a modified loss function that down-weights easy examples so a detector can focus on the hard, rare ones.

2 min readRead
Fundamentals

Stochastic Gradient Descent with Momentum

Momentum is a tweak to gradient descent that accumulates a running average of past gradients, letting optimization roll faster through valleys and dampen…

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Fundamentals

Nesterov Accelerated Gradient

Nesterov Accelerated Gradient (NAG) is a smarter form of momentum that peeks ahead before computing the gradient, giving it a corrective look-ahead.

2 min readRead

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