AI Foundations
Understand what AI is, how systems learn, where they fail, and how to judge claims without hype.
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Understand what AI is, how systems learn, where they fail, and how to judge claims without hype.
Use AI productively while protecting privacy, checking outputs, and preserving human accountability.
Evaluate workplace use cases, run safe pilots, measure value, and communicate changes responsibly.
Analyze AI systems through rights, equity, governance, safety, and public-interest outcomes.
Understand language models, retrieval, agents, evaluation, cost, and deployment safeguards through practical system design.
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Depthwise separable convolutions factor a standard convolution into two cheaper steps, slashing the number of multiplications and parameters.
TechnicalDilated convolutions (also called atrous convolutions) insert gaps between filter weights so a kernel covers a much larger area without adding parameters.
TechnicalSkip connections let information jump past layers, and highway networks were an early gated version of this idea.
Language AIELECTRA is a more efficient way to pretrain language models by teaching them to spot fake words instead of guessing hidden ones.
Language AIRoBERTa showed that BERT was significantly undertrained: by tuning the recipe rather than the architecture, it set new benchmark records.
Language AIXLNet blends the bidirectional context of BERT with the autoregressive prediction of GPT by training over random word orderings.
TechnicalDomain adaptation is a set of techniques for making a model trained on one kind of data (the source domain) work well on a different but related kind of data…
Language AITree of Thoughts (ToT) is a prompting framework that lets a language model explore multiple reasoning paths in parallel, like branches of a tree, instead…
Language AISelf-consistency is a decoding strategy that samples many different reasoning paths from a language model and then picks the answer most of them agree on.
FundamentalsK-Means is an unsupervised algorithm that automatically sorts data into K groups by finding cluster centers.
FundamentalsK-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) classifies a new data point by looking at the K closest examples and taking a majority vote.
FundamentalsLogistic regression predicts the probability that something belongs to a class, like spam or not spam, by squashing a weighted sum through an S-shaped curve.
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